Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 6118826 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase: catalytic, structural and functional aspects.

Molecular and cellular biochemistry ·Vol. 39 ·1981-09-25 ·Pages 357-68

Tate SS, Meister A

Abstract

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety of glutathione to amino acids, dipeptides, and to glutathione itself; the enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutathione to glutamate and cysteinyl-glycine. This review deals with the tissue distribution and localization of the enzyme in mammals, the catalytic properties of the enzyme (including its inhibition by reversible and irreversible inhibitors), structural studies on the enzyme, and new findings about its physiological function.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acids/metabolism Animals Biological Transport Chemical Phenomena Chemistry Dipeptides/metabolism Genitalia, Male/enzymology Glutamates/metabolism Glutamic Acid Glutathione/metabolism Jejunum/enzymology Kidney/enzymology Kinetics Liver/enzymology Macromolecular Substances Male Octoxynol Papain Polyethylene Glycols Rats Spleen/enzymology Stereoisomerism Substrate Specificity Tissue Distribution gamma-Glutamyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors,metabolism
Chemicals
Amino Acids Dipeptides Glutamates Macromolecular Substances Glutamic Acid Polyethylene Glycols Octoxynol gamma-Glutamyltransferase Papain Glutathione
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Tate S S
Meister A
References (90)
90 references, click to expand
  1. Structural, functional, and clinical aspects of gamma-glutamyltransferase.
    CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1980;12(1):1-58 PMID: 6104563
  2. Purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from azo dye-induced hepatoma.
    J Biochem. 1974 Mar;75(3):473-80 PMID: 4151995
  3. Latent proteinase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase light subunit.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Jun 25;254(12):4942-5 PMID: 36377
  4. ISOLATION OF GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMIC ACID AND GAMMA-L-GLUTAMYL-L-GLUTAMINE FROM BOVINE BRAIN.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Nov 8;93:333-8 PMID: 14251312
  5. gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and related enzyme activities inthe reproductive system of the male rat.
    Life Sci. 1977 Feb 15;20(4):673-9 PMID: 14292
  6. Evidence that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo using intracellular glutathione: effects of amino acids and selective inhibition of enzymes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Nov;75(11):5405-8 PMID: 31622
  7. A sensitive fluorimetric assay for gamma-glutamyl transferase.
    Anal Biochem. 1979 Nov 15;100(1):136-9 PMID: 44433
  8. Localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in lymphoid cells.
    FEBS Lett. 1980 Jun 30;115(2):273-7 PMID: 6105092
  9. Identity of maleate-stimulated glutaminase with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Jun 25;250(12):4619-27 PMID: 237905
  10. Isolation and characterization of sulfhydryl oxidase from bovine milk.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Apr 10;250(7):2532-8 PMID: 1123323
  11. Isolation of anthglutin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from Penicillum oxalicum.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1979 Jan;192(1):235-40 PMID: 35101
  12. Stimulation of the hydrolytic activity and decrease of the transpeptidase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by maleate; identity of a rat kidney maleate-stimulated glutaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Sep;71(9):3329-33 PMID: 4154442
  13. The glutathione conjugate of prostaglandin A1 is a better substrate than prostaglandin E for partially purified avian prostaglandin E 9-ketoreductase.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Jun 21;573(3):547-51 PMID: 465519
  14. Affinity labeling of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by glutamine antagonists. Effects of the gamma-glutamyl transferase and proteinase activities.
    FEBS Lett. 1980 Dec 29;122(2):171-4 PMID: 6110564
  15. L-azaserine toxicity in established cell lines: correlation with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity.
    Exp Cell Res. 1979 Aug;122(1):55-61 PMID: 38980
  16. Isolation of gamma-glutamyltransferase from human liver, and comparison with the enzyme from human kidney.
    Clin Chem. 1978 Jun;24(6):905-15 PMID: 26481
  17. Metabolism of glutathione and a glutathione conjugate by isolated kidney cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):2787-92 PMID: 429318
  18. Comparison of the hydrolytic and transfer activities of rat renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Jul 25;254(14):6499-504 PMID: 36397
  19. The apparent glutathione oxidase activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Chemical mechanism.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Jun 10;255(11):5011-4 PMID: 6102993
  20. Gamma-glutamyltransferase of rat kidney. Simultaneous assay of the hydrolysis and transfer reactions with (glutamate-14C)glutathione.
    Biochem J. 1976 Feb 1;153(2):223-32 PMID: 6004
  21. Ultrastructural localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney and jejunum.
    FEBS Lett. 1979 Nov 15;107(2):436-40 PMID: 41743
  22. Identification of gamma-glutamylserine, gamma-glutamylalanine, gamma-glutamylvaline and S-methylglutathione of bovine brain.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Nov 15;111(1):90-5 PMID: 5867340
  23. Decrease in glutathione levels of kidney and liver after injection of methionine sulfoximine into rats.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Feb 3;62(3):651-7 PMID: 1120072
  24. Histochemical demonstration of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Nature. 1961 Aug 19;191:767-8 PMID: 13682109
  25. Enzyme concentrations in tissues.
    Science. 1967 Nov 17;158(3803):936-7 PMID: 6054167
  26. Metabolism of a glutathione conjugate of 2-hydroxyoestradiol by rat liver and kidney preparations in vitro.
    Biochem J. 1970 Mar;116(5):913-7 PMID: 5441380
  27. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Adv Clin Chem. 1975;17:53-107 PMID: 236637
  28. The occurrence of gamma-glutamylphenylalanine in the urine of newborn phenylketonurics.
    Clin Chim Acta. 1979 Jun 15;94(3):237-40 PMID: 466810
  29. Serine-borate complex as a transition-state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4806-9 PMID: 33382
  30. Further evidence for the formation of an estrogen-peptide conjugate by rat liver in vitro.
    Steroids. 1967 Sep;10(3):329-46 PMID: 6057567
  31. The reaction of glutathione with amino acids and related compounds as catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1959 Mar;234(3):577-82 PMID: 13641263
  32. The quantitative measurement of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity.
    J Biol Chem. 1956 Aug;221(2):895-908 PMID: 13357485
  33. Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit.
    J Biol Chem. 1977 Sep 10;252(17):6042-5 PMID: 19463
  34. The absolute asymmetry of orientation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and aminopeptidase on the external surface of the rat renal brush border membrane.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Aug 25;255(16):7708-11 PMID: 6105156
  35. Inactivation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, a specific inactivator of serine enzymes.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Jun 29;82(4):1183-8 PMID: 29617
  36. Glutathionuria: inborn error of metabolism due to tissue deficiency of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Jul 8;65(1):68-74 PMID: 238530
  37. The inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human pancreatic carcinoma cells by (alpha S,5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125; NSC-163501).
    Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1980 Jan;27(1):175-82 PMID: 6102405
  38. Control of proteolysis.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1980;49:63-91 PMID: 6996569
  39. Glutathionuria: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency.
    J Inherit Metab Dis. 1980;2(1):3-7 PMID: 6118466
  40. [Water-soluble metabolites of estradiol-17beta. II].
    Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1968 Sep;349(9):1234-6 PMID: 5706150
  41. On the role of gamma-glutamyltransferase in renal tubular amino acid reabsorption.
    Curr Probl Clin Biochem. 1976;6:426-36 PMID: 11966
  42. Studies on the structure of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. II. Location of the segment anchoring gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase to the membrane.
    J Biochem. 1980 Jun;87(6):1567-71 PMID: 6105151
  43. Modulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities by hippurate and related compounds.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Mar 10;255(5):2109-13 PMID: 6101598
  44. Modulation of the hydrolysis, transfer, and glutaminase activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by maleate bound at the cysteinylglycine binding site of the enzyme.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 25;254(8):2956-60 PMID: 34611
  45. Simple peptides in brain.
    Int Rev Neurobiol. 1970;12:235-63 PMID: 4918145
  46. Comparison of the association and orientation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in lecithin vesicles and in native membranes.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Feb 25;254(4):1124-8 PMID: 33182
  47. Phosphate-independent glutaminase from rat kidney. Partial purification and identity with gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 25;250(6):2099-105 PMID: 234956
  48. GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-P-NITROANILIDE: A NEW CONVENIENT SUBSTRATE FOR DETERMINATION AND STUDY OF L- AND D-GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSPEPTIDASE ACTIVITIES.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Aug 6;73:679-81 PMID: 14074151
  49. Induction and 'superinduction' of sialylation of membrane-bound gamma-glutamyltransferase during liver regeneration.
    Eur J Biochem. 1978 Jan 2;82(1):279-84 PMID: 23292
  50. Glutathione and related gamma-glutamyl compounds: biosynthesis and utilization.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1976;45:559-604 PMID: 9027
  51. Subunit interactions in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Reconstitution of the active species from isolated subunits.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 May 25;256(10):4799-804 PMID: 6112219
  52. ISOLATION OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASE FROM HOG KIDNEY.
    J Biol Chem. 1965 Jan;240:338-47 PMID: 14253434
  53. Formation of gamma-glutamycyst(e)ine in vivo is catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2777-81 PMID: 6114489
  54. Selective inhibition of gamma-glutamyl-cycle enzymes by substrate analogs.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Aug;74(8):3330-4 PMID: 20626
  55. The isolation of gamma-glutamyl peptides from monkey brain.
    J Neurochem. 1970 Jan;17(1):19-25 PMID: 4992823
  56. Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with S-acyl derivatives of glutathione.
    FEBS Lett. 1975 Jul 1;54(3):319-22 PMID: 236931
  57. Isolation and identification of alpha-aspartyl-serine, alanylphenylalanine and isoleucylleucine from calf brain stem.
    J Neurochem. 1970 Jan;17(1):41-52 PMID: 5494038
  58. Subunit structure and isozymic forms of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Aug;73(8):2599-603 PMID: 8776
  59. Affinity labeling of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and location of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):931-5 PMID: 15260
  60. Properties of a flavoprotein sulfhydryl oxidase from rat seminal vesicle secretion.
    Biochemistry. 1980 Jun 10;19(12):2639-45 PMID: 7397095
  61. Enzymic transpeptidation reactions involving gamma-glutamyl peptides and alpha-amino-acyl peptides.
    Biochem J. 1952 Apr;51(1):25-35 PMID: 14944528
  62. [Water-soluble metabolites of estradiol-17-beta. 3. Separation and identification of 1- and 4-glutathione thioethers of 2,3-dihydroxy-estratrienes].
    Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1969 Jan;350(1):95-7 PMID: 4387842
  63. Affinity labeling of rat-kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Eur J Biochem. 1977 Mar 1;73(2):335-42 PMID: 14827
  64. [A water-soluble metabolite of 17-beta-estradiol].
    Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1967 Dec;348(12):1707-8 PMID: 5586920
  65. Transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids: role of glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6319-22 PMID: 42913
  66. Formation of glutathione conjugates of prostaglandin A1 in human red blood cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1976 Nov 10;251(21):6550-4 PMID: 977587
  67. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: sidedness of its active site on renal brush-border membrane.
    Eur J Biochem. 1978 Jul 3;87(3):429-37 PMID: 28224
  68. Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide by cell membrane-bound oxidase activity.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jun;76(6):2715-9 PMID: 37503
  69. Stereochemistry of leukotriene C-1.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Feb 12;92(3):946-53 PMID: 6102463
  70. Hydrolysis and transfer reactions catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; evidence for separate substrate sites and for high affinity of L-cystine.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Jul 12;71(1):32-6 PMID: 9080
  71. Interaction of the antitumor drug, L-(alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125) with renal brush border membranes. Specific labeling of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    FEBS Lett. 1980 Dec 29;122(2):175-8 PMID: 6110565
  72. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a lymphoid cell-surface marker: relationship to blastogenesis, differentiation, and neoplasia.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2414-8 PMID: 7785
  73. Leukotriene D: a slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2014-7 PMID: 6103542
  74. Occurrence of beta-aspartyl and gamma-glutamyl oligopeptides in human urine.
    Biochemistry. 1962 Jul;1:612-20 PMID: 13874234
  75. Characteristics of glutathione biosynthesis by freshly isolated rat kidney cells.
    J Biol Chem. 1980 Jan 10;255(1):175-81 PMID: 7350152
  76. The activities of the key enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle in microdissected segments of the rat nephron.
    FEBS Lett. 1977 Feb 1;73(2):220-4 PMID: 14025
  77. New aspects of glutathione metabolism and translocation in mammals.
    Ciba Found Symp. 1979;(72):135-61 PMID: 45011
  78. Excretion of cysteine and gamma-glutamylcysteine moieties in human and experimental animal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3384-7 PMID: 6106190
  79. Synthesis of peptides in enzymic reactions involving glutathione.
    Nature. 1950 Aug 19;166(4216):288-92 PMID: 15439292
  80. Translocation of amino acids and glutathione studied with the perfused kidney and isolated renal cells.
    FEBS Lett. 1980 Mar 24;112(1):55-9 PMID: 6102929
  81. Evidence that transpeptidation is a significant function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1981 Mar 25;256(6):2988-92 PMID: 6110666
  82. Interaction of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase with amino acids, dipeptides, and derivatives and analogs of glutathione.
    J Biol Chem. 1974 Dec 10;249(23):7593-602 PMID: 4154944
  83. Interrelationships between the binding sites for amino acids, dipeptides, and gamma-glutamyl donors in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 10;252(19):6792-8 PMID: 19479
  84. Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle: glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):268-72 PMID: 34150
  85. Differences in the isoelectric focusing patterns of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from normal and cancerous rat mammary tissue.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1750-3 PMID: 25438
  86. Glutathione and gamma-glutamyl cycle enzymes in crypt and villus tip cells of rat jejunal mucosa.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):420-2 PMID: 1755
  87. GAMMA-Glutamyl transpeptidase of sheep-kidney cortex. Isolation, catalytic properties and dissociation into two polypeptide chains.
    Eur J Biochem. 1976 Jan 2;61(1):147-55 PMID: 1275
  88. Direct evidence for inter-organ transport of glutathione and that the non-filtration renal mechanism for glutathione utilization involves gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Sep 30;96(2):848-53 PMID: 6107079
  89. Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide, a catalytic function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
    J Biol Chem. 1979 Jul 10;254(13):5573-5 PMID: 36385
  90. Concentrative uptake of azaserine by neoplastic plasma cells and lymphocytes.
    J Natl Cancer Inst. 1958 Nov;21(5):973-84 PMID: 13599021
Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biochemistry
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biochem
ISSN
0300-8177
DOI
10.1007/BF00232585
Published
1981-09-25
Pages
357-68
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
0364456
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00232585 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2