Composition and properties of a group A streptococcal teichoic acid.

Teichoic acid-like material extracted by cold trichloroacetic acid from lyophilized whole cells of streptococci from groups A,D,E,O, and T was shown to give a positive precipitin reaction with group antisera. Similar material from cells of groups B,C,F,G,H,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R, and S did not give a positive reaction with group antisera. The group A material also reacted with anti-E serum; however, the opposite did not occur. A similar result was also obtained on the group T material and anti-O serum. The group A teichoic acid was purified by Sephadex column chromatography, and was shown to be free of cell wall peptidoglycan and polysaccharide, and ribitol teichoic acid. It was composed of glycerol, phosphate, alanine, and glucosamine. Alkaline hydrolysis showed the presence of ester-linked alanine and glucosaminylglycerol. Phosphorus was released from ester linkage by alkaline phosphatase. N-acetylglucosamine produced a 72% inhibition of the precipitin test at a level of 10 mumoles, and d-alanine methyl ester was significantly stronger than the l-alanine ester. A single precipitin band was seen with group A serum. The data indicate that teichoic acid of group A streptococci is a polymer composed of glycerol phosphate and containing N-acetylglucosamine and alanine. Antisera to these streptococci contain antibodies specific for the alanine and the glucosamine linkages. The use of serum containing antibodies to alanine-polyglycerophosphate shows that the occurrence of this type of teichoic acid is widespread among the streptococci.