Crude oil utilization by fungi.

Sixty fungal isolates, 34 obtained by a static enrichment technique from soils of northern Canadian oil-producing areas and 26 from culture collections, were screened for their ability to grow on n-tetradecane, toluene, naphthalene, and seven crude oils of varying composition. Forty cultures, including 28 soil isolates, were capable of growth on one or more crude oils. The genera most frequently isolated from soils were those producing abundant small condida, e.g. Penicillium and Verticillium spp. Oil-degrading strains of Beauveria bassiana, Mortieriella sp., Phoma sp., Scolecobasidium obovatum, and Tolypocladium inflatum were also isolated. Qualitative and quantitative differences were noted among the capacities of different crude oils to sustain the growth of individual fungal isolates. Data are presented which show that ability to grow on a pure n-alkane is not a good indicator of ability to grow on crude oil. Degradation of Rainbow Lake crude oil by individual isolates was demonstrated by gravimetric and gas-chromatographic techniques. The problems involved in determining the response and the potential of fungi to degrade oil spilled in the environment are discussed.