Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 4215074 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Evidence for somatic generation of antibody diversity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 71 ·No. 10 ·1974-10-00 ·Pages 4027-31

Tonegawa S, Steinberg C, Dube S, Bernardini A

Abstract

RNA preparations containing 70-80% mouse kappa-chain mRNA have been prepared. The remainder consists of many RNA species, each of which represents a small fraction of the total RNA. The kappa-chain mRNA preparation hybridizes with mouse liver DNA with bi-phasic kinetics, indicating that it consists of two fractions -"unique" and "reiterated." Competition hybridization experiments show that the homology among the unique fractions from different mRNAs is the same as the homology among the amino acid sequences of the corresponding kappa-chains. Hence, in addition to the C-region (constant-region) sequences, (most of) the V-region (variable-region) sequences are also derived from unique germ line genes. The reiterated fractions from different kappa-chain mRNAs show essentially complete homology with each other. This fraction seems to consist mostly of sequences which do not code for amino-acid sequences of the secreted polypeptide chain, i.e., the "external" section of the mRNA molecule. It is concluded that the number of germ line genes is too small to account for the observed diversity of antibody molecules.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals Autoradiography Base Sequence Cell Line DNA Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Female Genes Genetic Code Immunoglobulin Fragments Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis Iodine Radioisotopes Kinetics Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Nucleic Acid Hybridization Plasmacytoma RNA, Messenger/analysis
Chemicals
Immunoglobulin Fragments Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains Immunoglobulins Iodine Radioisotopes RNA, Messenger DNA
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Tonegawa S
Steinberg C
Dube S
Bernardini A
References (29)
29 references, click to expand
  1. Mechanism of antibody synthesis: size differences between mouse kappa chains.
    Science. 1967 Jan 27;155(3761):465-7 PMID: 4162931
  2. The specific association of ribooligonucleotides of known chain length with denatured DNA.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Jan 10;26(1):51-7 PMID: 5339938
  3. Molecular weights of ribosomal RNA in relation to evolution.
    J Mol Biol. 1968 Dec;38(3):355-65 PMID: 5718556
  4. DNA-RNA hybridization in vast DNA excess.
    Nat New Biol. 1971 May 5;231(18):8-12 PMID: 4932893
  5. The sequence of 5 s ribosomal ribonucleic acid.
    J Mol Biol. 1968 Jun 28;34(3):379-412 PMID: 4938553
  6. Reiteration frequency of haemoglobin genes in the duck.
    Nat New Biol. 1972 Feb 23;235(60):231-4 PMID: 4502410
  7. Purification and properties of biologically active messenger RNA for a myeloma light chain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jul;69(7):1967-71 PMID: 4505674
  8. Molecular hybridization of ribonucleic acid with a large excess of deoxyribonucleic acid.
    Biochem J. 1972 Jan;126(1):171-85 PMID: 4561616
  9. Translation of messenger RNA for immunoglobulin light chains in a cell-free system from Krebs II ascites cells.
    FEBS Lett. 1972 Jun 15;23(2):244-8 PMID: 4673707
  10. Purification of 14S messenger RNA of immunoglobulin light chain that codes for a possible light-chain precursor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Feb;70(2):451-5 PMID: 4510289
  11. Mouse immunoglobulin chains. A survey of the amino-terminal sequences of kappa chains.
    Biochemistry. 1973 Feb;12(4):741-9 PMID: 4691516
  12. Mouse immunoglobulin chains. Pattern of sequence variation among kappa chains with limited sequence differences.
    Biochemistry. 1973 Feb;12(4):760-71 PMID: 4691517
  13. Electrophoretically homogeneous myeloma light chain mRNA and its translation in vitro.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1973 Mar 5;51(1):81-7 PMID: 4699567
  14. The molecular weight of rabbit globin messenger RNA's.
    FEBS Lett. 1973 Mar 15;30(3):301-4 PMID: 4700749
  15. Hybridization of RNA labelled with 125 I to high specific activity.
    Nat New Biol. 1973 Apr 4;242(118):142-5 PMID: 4512652
  16. Hybridization properties and sequence arrangement in a population of mRNAs.
    Nat New Biol. 1973 Mar 28;242(117):101-5 PMID: 4513407
  17. Purification and sequence of messenger RNA for immunoglobulin light chains.
    Nat New Biol. 1973 Aug 22;244(138):236-40 PMID: 4516600
  18. Mouse immunoglobulin kappa chain MPC 11: extra amino-terminal residues.
    Science. 1973 Sep 7;181(4103):941-3 PMID: 4730444
  19. Amino acid sequence of the light chain of a mouse myeloma protein (MOPC-315).
    Biochemistry. 1973 Dec 18;12(26):5400-16 PMID: 4760498
  20. Use of 125I in fingerprinting RNA.
    Nature. 1973 Dec 21-28;246(5434):483 PMID: 4586889
  21. Editorial: Antibody diversity: is it all coded for by the germ line genes?
    Scand J Immunol. 1973;2(3):199-206 PMID: 4129443
  22. Germ line basis for antibody diversity: immunoglobulin VH-and CH-gene frequencies measured by DNA-RNA hybridization.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jan;71(1):99-103 PMID: 4521059
  23. Editorial: Antibody diversity: is it all coded for by the germ line genes?
    Scand J Immunol. 1974;3(1):1-4 PMID: 4597594
  24. Immunoglobulin genes: a test of somatic vs. germ line hypothesis by RNA-DNA hybridization.
    Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1974;38:739-51 PMID: 4524786
  25. Biologically and chemically pure mRNA coding for a mouse immunoglobulin L-chain prepared with the aid of antibodies and immobilized oligothymidine.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Aug;70(8):2256-60 PMID: 4525163
  26. Comparative hybridization studies iwth an immunoglobulin light chain mRNA fraction and non-immunoglobulin mRNA of mouse.
    FEBS Lett. 1974 Mar 15;40(1):157-60 PMID: 4851095
  27. Hybridization studies with an antibody heavy chain mRNA.
    FEBS Lett. 1974 Apr 15;41(1):73-7 PMID: 4852316
  28. Reiteration frequency of antibody genes. Studies with k-chain mRNA.
    FEBS Lett. 1974 Mar 15;40(1):92-6 PMID: 4859467
  29. Diversity of antibodies to cross-reacting nitrophenyl haptens in inbred mice.
    Eur J Immunol. 1974 Jun;4(6):426-30 PMID: 4137613
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
0027-8424
DOI
10.1073/pnas.71.10.4027
Published
1974-10-00
Pages
4027-31
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC434321
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.4027 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2