Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 4132065 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Bridges between microtubules.

The Journal of cell biology ·Vol. 61 ·No. 1 ·1974-04-00 ·Pages 166-87

McIntosh JR

Abstract

Bridges between microtubules have been studied with the electron microscope in the axostyle of Saccinobaculus and in various tubule systems of chicken testis, including the helix of tubules surrounding the elongating spermatid nucleus and the flagellum of the sperm tail. In addition to the previously described periodic bridges, evidence is presented that nonperiodic bridges exist between certain tubules. An analysis of axial spacing between adjacent nonperiodic bridges suggests that these structures are attached to periodic binding sites on the microtubule wall, but that not all the binding sites are filled. The bridges appear nonperiodic as a result of random occupancy of some fraction of the periodic sites. The distribution of these binding sites is related to the substructure of the microtubule wall as seen with negative staining and optical diffraction.

MeSH Terms
Animals Binding Sites Cell Fractionation Chickens Eukaryota/cytology Male Meiosis Methods Microscopy, Electron Microtubules Optics and Photonics Spermatozoa/cytology Staining and Labeling Testis/cytology
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
McIntosh J R
References (48)
48 references, click to expand
  1. Selective extraction of isolated mitotic apparatus. Evidence that typical microtubule protein is extracted by organic mercurial.
    J Cell Biol. 1971 Feb;48(2):324-39 PMID: 5543404
  2. Subunit arrangement in ciliary microtubules from Tetrahymena pyriformis.
    Exp Cell Res. 1972 Sep;74(1):140-6 PMID: 4116304
  3. [The pyrsonymphine line and infrastructural aspects common to the genus Opisthomitus, Oxymonas, Saccinobacculus, Pyrsonympha and Streblomastix].
    C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D. 1970 Mar 23;270(12):1587-90 PMID: 4986346
  4. New observations on flagellar fine structure. The relationship between matrix structure and the microtubule component of the axoneme.
    J Cell Biol. 1970 Oct;47(1):159-82 PMID: 4935335
  5. Intermicrotubule bridges in mitotic spindle apparatus.
    J Cell Biol. 1970 May;45(2):438-44 PMID: 5513610
  6. The fine structure and function of the tentacle in Tokophrya infusionum.
    J Cell Biol. 1965 Jun;25(3):459-77 PMID: 4953868
  7. Flagellar motion and fine structure of the flagellar apparatus in Chlamydomonas.
    J Cell Biol. 1967 Jun;33(3):543-71 PMID: 5341020
  8. Studies on the microtubules in heliozoa. V. Factors controlling the organization of microtubules in the Axonemal pattern in Echinosphaerium (Actinosphaerium) nucleofilum.
    J Cell Biol. 1969 Oct;43(1):148-65 PMID: 5824062
  9. Further observations on the ultrastructure of cilia from Tetrahymena pyriformis.
    Exp Cell Res. 1972 Oct;74(2):471-9 PMID: 4628123
  10. Studies on the microtubules in heliozoa. 3. A pressure analysis of the role of these structures in the formation and maintenance of the axopodia of Actinosphaerium nucleofilum (Barrett).
    J Cell Biol. 1966 Apr;29(1):77-95 PMID: 5920198
  11. Isolation and reactivation of the axostyle. Evidence for a dynein-like ATPase in the axostyle.
    J Cell Biol. 1973 Jan;56(1):13-26 PMID: 4345162
  12. Microtubular patterns in spermatozoa of coccid insects in relation to bending.
    J Cell Biol. 1972 Jan;52(1):66-83 PMID: 4550099
  13. Contractility and the fibre systems of Stentor coeruleus.
    J Cell Sci. 1968 Jun;3(2):295-308 PMID: 4969426
  14. THE FINE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CONTRACTILE AXOSTYLES OF CERTAIN FLAGELLATES.
    J Cell Biol. 1965 Mar;24:387-400 PMID: 14326123
  15. Chemical dissection of cilia.
    Arch Biol (Liege). 1965;76(2):317-52 PMID: 5323574
  16. Dynein: A Protein with Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity from Cilia.
    Science. 1965 Jul 23;149(3682):424-6 PMID: 17809406
  17. Unusual microtubular patterns and three-dimensional movement of mealybug sperm and sperm bundles.
    J Cell Biol. 1969 Feb;40(2):426-45 PMID: 5761921
  18. Some properties of bound and soluble dynein from sea urchin sperm flagella.
    J Cell Biol. 1972 Aug;54(2):365-81 PMID: 4261148
  19. Microtubules in the heliozoan axopodium. 3. Degradation and reformation after dilute urea treatment.
    J Cell Sci. 1971 Jan;8(1):127-51 PMID: 4928260
  20. Flagellar movement and adenosine triphosphatase activity in sea urchin sperm extracted with triton X-100.
    J Cell Biol. 1972 Jul;54(1):75-97 PMID: 4261039
  21. Arms and bridges on microtubules in the mitotic apparatus.
    J Cell Biol. 1969 Mar;40(3):854-9 PMID: 5765772
  22. Microtubules in the heliozoan axopodium. II. Rapid degradation by cupric and nickelous ions.
    J Ultrastruct Res. 1970 May;31(3):356-74 PMID: 5445840
  23. Subsidiary components of the flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardii.
    J Cell Sci. 1970 Nov;7(3):823-39 PMID: 5492281
  24. Initiation and differentiation of microtubule patterns in the ciliate Nassula.
    J Cell Sci. 1970 Nov;7(3):793-821 PMID: 4992638
  25. A microtubule model for ingestion and transport in the suctorian tentacle.
    Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1972;126(1):116-34 PMID: 4622975
  26. Fine structure and function of the cytopharyngeal basket in the ciliate Nassula.
    J Cell Sci. 1968 Dec;3(4):493-514 PMID: 4974275
  27. Investigation of negatively stained plant flagellar microtubules by optical diffraction.
    J Cell Biol. 1969 May;41(2):637-41 PMID: 5783878
  28. The axostyle of Saccinobaculus. I. Structure of the organism and its microtubule bundle.
    J Cell Biol. 1973 Feb;56(2):304-23 PMID: 4682899
  29. Ultrastructural analysis of mitotic spindle elongation in mammalian cells in vitro. Direct microtubule counts.
    J Cell Biol. 1971 Aug;50(2):416-31 PMID: 4939523
  30. How microtubule patterns are generated. The relative importance of nucleation and bridging of microtubules in the formation of the axoneme of Raphidiophrys.
    J Cell Biol. 1971 Dec;51(3):837-54 PMID: 5128354
  31. Microtubule-arms and propulsion of food particles inside a large feeding organelle in the ciliate Phascolodon vorticella.
    J Cell Sci. 1972 May;10(3):883-903 PMID: 4624922
  32. On flagellar structure in certain flagellates.
    J Biophys Biochem Cytol. 1960 Jul;7:697-716 PMID: 13827900
  33. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF SPERMIOGENESIS IN A FIRE-BRAT INSECT, THRMOBIA DOMESTICA PACK. I. MATURE SPERMATOZOON.
    J Cell Biol. 1964 Dec;23:431-46 PMID: 14245431
  34. Adenosine triphosphate-induced sliding of tubules in trypsin-treated flagella of sea-urchin sperm.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3092-6 PMID: 5289252
  35. Morphogenetic factors influencing the shape of the sperm head.
    Dev Biol. 1971 Oct;26(2):220-51 PMID: 5168310
  36. Studies on the microtubules in heliozoa. II. The effect of low temperature on these structures in the formation and maintenance of the axopodia.
    J Cell Biol. 1967 Jul;34(1):327-43 PMID: 6033539
  37. The structural elements responsible for contraction in the ciliate Spirostomum.
    Protoplasma. 1971;72(2):153-78 PMID: 5555985
  38. Studies on microtubules in Heliozoa. I. The fine structure of Actinosphaerium nucleofilum (Barrett), with particular reference to the axial rod structure.
    Protoplasma. 1965;60(4):317-44 PMID: 5884266
  39. X-ray diffraction from microtubules.
    J Mol Biol. 1971 Jul 28;59(2):375-80 PMID: 4105308
  40. Microtubules in the spermatids of the domestic fowl.
    J Cell Biol. 1967 Oct;35(1):153-73 PMID: 6061713
  41. Microtubules in the heliozoan axopodium. I. The gradion hypothesis of allosterism in structural proteins.
    J Ultrastruct Res. 1970 Jan;30(1):7-37 PMID: 5411816
  42. Microtubules in relation to the motility of a sperm syncytium in an armored scale insect.
    J Cell Biol. 1966 May;29(2):251-65 PMID: 5961339
  43. Spermatid differentiation in the blowfly Sarcophaga bullata with particular reference to flagellar morphogenesis.
    J Ultrastruct Res. 1971 May;35(3):210-32 PMID: 4104241
  44. On the role of microtubules in movement and alignment of nuclei in virus-induced syncytia.
    J Cell Biol. 1968 Dec;39(3):526-43 PMID: 4301760
  45. Microtubules.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1973;42:507-40 PMID: 4581232
  46. The axostyle of Saccinobaculus. II. Motion of the microtubule bundle and a structural comparison of straight and bent axostyles.
    J Cell Biol. 1973 Feb;56(2):324-39 PMID: 4566523
  47. Observations on the central pair of microtubules from the cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis.
    J Cell Sci. 1969 Sep;5(2):453-8 PMID: 4188530
  48. Are cytoplasmic microtubules heteropolymers?
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Aug;68(8):1762-6 PMID: 5288762
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of cell biology
Abbr.
J Cell Biol
ISSN
0021-9525
DOI
10.1083/jcb.61.1.166
Published
1974-04-00
Pages
166-87
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0375356
PMCID
PMC2109258
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1083/jcb.61.1.166 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2