Isolation of the dorsal, ventral and intracellular domains of HeLa cell plasma membranes following adhesion to a gelatin substrate.

The plasma membrane is a complex organelle responsible for many cellular functions. In addition to mediating the exchange of components with the extracellular fluid, the plasma membrane is involved in cell adhesion to matrix proteins in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, adherent cells have three distinct plasma membrane domains to carry out these functions: one attached to the substrate (ventral); another exposed to the media (dorsal); and an intracellular domain involved in endocytosis and secretion. A technique has been developed for the rapid isolation of these specific domains from HeLa cells immediately following adhesion to a gelatin substrate. The isolation procedure utilizes the tight binding of cationic colloidal silica to the dorsal plasma membrane domain of attached cells. Following silica binding and cell lysis, the silica-coated dorsal plasma membrane domain is readily separated from intracellular plasma membrane components by virtue of the high density of the silica pellicle, and the intact ventral plasma membrane domain remains attached to the gelatin substrate. Fluorescence and electron microscopy and biochemical studies using 125I-lactoperoxidase labeling, 125I-labeled wheat germ agglutinin binding, and [3H]-fucose incorporation into plasma membrane glycoproteins confirmed the separation of these three topologically distinct plasma membrane domains. The fractions isolated by the technique contained essentially all of the plasma membrane components present in intact cells. This unique membrane-isolation procedure is now being used to analyze membrane flow during plasma membrane domain formation accompanying cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.