Strains of Yarrowia lipolytica forming exclusively spherical ascospores were developed through inbreeding. These strains are more suitable for micromanipulation than other inbred strains forming helm-shaped ascospores. External factors affecting sporulation frequency and tetrad formation in this yeast were investigated. Optimal formation of complete tetrads occurred at a narrow range of pH values around 6.0. Citrate was found to stimulate sporulation strongly. A synthetic medium containing citrate was developed to obtain standard conditions for maximum sporulation.
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