A novel type of coupling between proline and galactoside transport in Escherichia coli.

Exit of thiomethylgalactoside (TMG) from preloaded cells induced the accumulation of proline. Likewise, proline exit stimulated TMG accumulation. Since a proton ionophore (carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone) abolished these effects, a protonmotive force was implicated as the "intermediate" in the coupling reaction. The evidence suggests that the exit of TMG resulted in proton exit, which produced either a membrane potential (inside negative or a pH gradient (outside acid) or both. This inwardly directed protonmotive force provided the energy for proline entry and accumulation. Thus the energy coupling was not via a common transport protein but by proton movements which coupled the two separate H+-dependent transport processes.