Folate transport by human intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles.

Transport of folic acid (Pte-Glu) across the brush-border membrane of human intestine was studied using brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) technique. The transport of Pte-Glu was higher in BBMV prepared from the jejunum than those prepared from the ileum (0.70 +/- 0.05 and 0.14 +/- 0.02 pmol X mg protein-1 X 10 s-1, respectively). The transport of Pte-Glu appeared to be carrier mediated and was pH dependent and increased with decreasing incubation buffer pH; saturable (Kt = 1.69 microM, Vmax = 4.72 pmol X mg protein-1 X 10 s-1); inhibited in a competitive manner by the structural analogues 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, methotrexate, and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (Ki = 2.2, 1.4 and 1.4 microM, respectively); not affected by inducing a relatively positive or negative intravesicular compartment; independent of Na+ gradient; and inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostlibene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an anion exchange inhibitor. The increase in Pte-Glu transport on decreasing incubation buffer pH appeared to be in part mediated through a direct effect of acidic pH on the transport carrier and in part through the pH gradient imposed by activating Pte-Glu-:OH- exchange and/or Pte-Glu-:H+ co-transport mechanisms. The important role of an acidic extravesicular environment in Pte-Glu transport is consistent with a role for the intestinal surface acid microclimate in folate transport. These results demonstrate that Pte-Glu transport in human BBMV occurs by a carrier-mediated system that is similar to that described for rat and rabbit intestinal BBMV.