Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 379821 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Improved methods for the formation and stabilization of R-loops.

Nucleic acids research ·Vol. 6 ·No. 7 ·1979-06-11 ·Pages 2499-317

Kaback DB, Angerer LM, Davidson N

Abstract

Improved methods for the formation and stabilization of R-loops for visualization in the electron microscope are presented. The two complementary strands of a duplex DNA are photochemically crosslinked once every 1 to 3 kb using 4, 5', 8 trimethylpsoralen. R-loops are then formed by incubation with RNA in 70% formamide at a temperature above the DNA melting temperature. Finally, the R-loops are stabilized by modifying the free single strand of DNA with glyoxal, thus minimizing the displacement of the hybridized RNA by branch migration. In this manner R-loops can be formed and visualized at a high frequency irrespective of the base composition of the nucleic acid of interest.

MeSH Terms
Base Sequence DNA/isolation & purification Kinetics Microscopy, Electron Molecular Weight Nucleic Acid Conformation Nucleic Acid Denaturation Nucleic Acid Hybridization Plasmids Poly A Saccharomyces cerevisiae/analysis Trioxsalen
Chemicals
Poly A DNA Trioxsalen
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Kaback D B
Angerer L M
Davidson N
References (29)
29 references, click to expand
  1. Analysis of the adult and embryonic chicken globin genes in chromosomal DNA.
    J Biol Chem. 1978 Nov 25;253(22):8239-46 PMID: 711749
  2. Intervening sequence of DNA identified in the structural portion of a mouse beta-globin gene.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):725-9 PMID: 273235
  3. Addition of poly(adenylic acid) to RNA using polynucleotide phosphorylase: an improved method for electron microscopic visualization of RNA-DNA hybrids.
    Biochemistry. 1978 Sep 5;17(18):3883-8 PMID: 100138
  4. Rates of formation and thermal stabilities of RNA:DNA and DNA:DNA duplexes at high concentrations of formamide.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1977;4(5):1539-52 PMID: 19730
  5. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene organization in mice: analysis of a myeloma genomic clone containing variable and alpha constant regions.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):857-61 PMID: 106394
  6. Detection of long-range sequence order in Drosophila melanogaster satellite DNA IV by a photochemical crosslinking reaction and denaturation microscopy.
    J Mol Biol. 1977 May 25;112(3):495-507 PMID: 406409
  7. A novel arrangement of the 18S and 28S sequences in a repeating unit of Drosophila melanogaster rDNA.
    Cell. 1977 Feb;10(2):167-76 PMID: 402220
  8. Divergent transcription in the yeast ribosomal RNA coding region as shown by hybridization to separated strands and sequence analysis of cloned DNA.
    J Mol Biol. 1978 Aug 15;123(3):405-16 PMID: 357738
  9. Unique arrangement of coding sequences for 5 S, 5.8 S, 18 S and 25 S ribosomal RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as determined by R-loop and hybridization analysis.
    J Mol Biol. 1978 Aug 15;123(3):387-404 PMID: 357737
  10. Construction and restriction endonuclease mapping of hybrid plasmids containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal DNA.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Mar 16;151(3):229-44 PMID: 325373
  11. Determination of the nuclear DNA content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and implications for the organization of DNA in yeast chromosomes.
    J Mol Biol. 1977 Aug 25;114(4):507-26 PMID: 335076
  12. Ribosomal RNA genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Physical map of the repeating unit and location of the regions coding for 5 S, 5.8 S, 18 S, and 25 S ribosomal RNAs.
    J Biol Chem. 1977 Nov 25;252(22):8118-25 PMID: 334774
  13. Number and distribution of polyadenylated RNA sequences in yeast.
    Cell. 1977 Mar;10(3):453-62 PMID: 321129
  14. An amazing sequence arrangement at the 5' ends of adenovirus 2 messenger RNA.
    Cell. 1977 Sep;12(1):1-8 PMID: 902310
  15. A map of cytoplasmic RNA transcripts from lytic adenovirus type 2, determined by electron microscopy of RNA:DNA hybrids.
    Cell. 1977 Aug;11(4):819-36 PMID: 890740
  16. Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA.
    Nature. 1977 Feb 24;265(5596):687-95 PMID: 870828
  17. Characterization of yeast ribosomal DNA fragments generated by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease.
    Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Aug 19;147(2):153-68 PMID: 787755
  18. Hybridization of RNA to double-stranded DNA: formation of R-loops.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2294-8 PMID: 781674
  19. A system for mapping DNA sequences in the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster.
    Cell. 1974 Dec;3(4):315-25 PMID: 4216403
  20. Isolation and characterization of DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Mol Biol. 1972 Oct 28;71(1):11-20 PMID: 4564299
  21. Ribosomal RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Mol Biol. 1972 Mar 28;65(2):227-42 PMID: 4557192
  22. Sedimentation properties of yeast nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
    J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 14;67(1):11-24 PMID: 4557599
  23. Study of a haploid yeast strain with an unusually high rDNA content. II. Fractionation of the DNA in preparative Ag+-Cs2SO4 density gradients.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Mar 21;383(3):255-65 PMID: 234759
  24. An electron microscope heteroduplex study of the ribosomal DNAs of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus mulleri.
    J Mol Biol. 1974 Dec 5;90(2):301-14 PMID: 4453019
  25. Light-induced cross-linking of DNA in the presence of a furocoumarin (psoralen). Studies with phage lambda, Escherichia coli, and mouse leukemia cells.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Sep 17;217(1):30-9 PMID: 4927248
  26. Preparation of RNA and ribosomes from yeast.
    Methods Cell Biol. 1975;12:45-64 PMID: 1105073
  27. Electron microscopy of DNA crosslinked with trimethylpsoralen: test of the secondary structure of eukaryotic inverted repeat sequences.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Aug;73(8):2644-8 PMID: 1066674
  28. The reaction of glyoxal with nucleic acid components. 3. Kinetics of the reaction with monomers.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Dec 30;254(3):380-8 PMID: 5137601
  29. The redundancy of ribosomal and transfer RNA genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    J Mol Biol. 1969 Mar 14;40(2):261-77 PMID: 5365012
Article Info
Journal
Nucleic acids research
Abbr.
Nucleic Acids Res
ISSN
0305-1048
Published
1979-06-11
Pages
2499-317
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
0411011
PMCID
PMC327868
Subset
IM
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com