Monoclonal antibody detects monosialogangliosides having a sialic acid alpha 2----3-galactosyl residue.

A murine monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated mAb 202, was generated using a human melanoma cell line, UCLASO-M14 as the immunogen. mAb 202 reacted with two (GM2 and GM3) of the four (GM2, GM3, GD2, and GD3) gangliosides expressed by M14. Several authentic monosialogangliosides, including GM4, GM3, GM2, GM1, GM1b, and sialylparagloboside were then tested for their binding to 202 mAb by the immune adherence inhibition assay, TLC-enzyme immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All showed positive binding but in varying degrees. GM4 showed the strongest affinity. No significant differences of reactivity were observed between the sialic acid derivatives, N-acetyl and N-glycolyl, in these gangliosides. Disialogangliosides such as GD3, GD2, GD1a, and GD1b, trisialoganglioside GT1b, and neutral glycolipids including GlcCer, GalCer, LacCer, GbOs3Cer, GbOs4Cer, GgOs3Cer, GgOs4Cer, and nLcOs4Cer were all negative. These results indicate that the 202 mAb detects sialyl alpha 2----3Gal residue in the monosialoganglioside, irrespective of the internal structure. Since GM4 is not expressed by M14 cells, the terminal disaccharide (sialyl alpha 2----3Gal) in GM3 and/or GM2 must have been the epitope responsible for the generation of the antibody.