Vancomycin revisited.

Vancomycin, virtually discarded after development of antistaphylococcal penicillins, has recently been receiving renewed attention. There are several clinical situations in which it appears to offer advantages over other available antimicrobial agents: infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococci; bacterial endocarditis in patients allergic to penicillin; staphylococcal enterocolitis; staphylococcal infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis; infections caused by penicillin-resistant diphtheroids; and prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves or penicillin allergy. Its penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid suggests that vancomycin may be useful in treating certain infections of the central nervous system. Although its ototoxic and nephrotoxic potential cannot be ignored, these problems can be minimized by keeping the serum concentration at the proper level.