Escherichia coli was grown anaerobically on sodium fumarate and molecular hydrogen or sodium formate in continuous culture. The maximal growth yield and the maintenance coefficient were determined. In a mineral medium a Ymax(fum) value of 6.6 g dry weight per mol fumarate was found. This value increased to 7;5 when casamino acids were present in the medium. From these data and the corresponding Ymax(ATP) values it could be calculated that per mol of fumarate reduced, 0;4 mol of ATP became available for growth. In batch culture a Yfum value of 4.8 g dry weight per mol fumarate was determined.
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