Improved results of surgical treatment for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinomas after preoperative combined chemotherapy and radiation.

Combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiation (chemoradiation) preceding surgical exploration for esophageal or gastroesophageal squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma was compared with surgical exploration alone to determine if there was an influence on tumor status at exploration, tumor resectability, disease recurrence, and patient survival. Preoperative chemoradiation resulted in significant tumor response as measured by decreased nodal involvement and 36% incidence of no residual tumor at resection (total response) and was reflected by an improvement in resectability. Local tumor recurrence was eliminated by preoperative chemoradiation preceding resection. Distant recurrence was not reduced and remained the major cause of death. The 2-year survival rate after tumor resection alone was 33% versus 66% after preoperative chemoradiation and resection (p = 0.13). Patient survival after resection alone was predicted by pathologic extent of local disease as measured by lymph node status. In contrast, survival after chemoradiation and resection was not predicted by pathologic extent of local disease. Surgical resection appears to have been an important component of therapy, primarily because survival was improved in patients after resection of residual local disease.