Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification on mRNA and is implicated in critical roles in development, physiology, and disease. A major limitation has been the inability to quantify m6A stoichiometry and the lack of antibody-independent methodologies for interrogating m6A. Here, we develop MAZTER-seq for systematic quantitative profiling of m6A at single-nucleotide resolution at 16%-25% of expressed sites, building on differential cleavage by an RNase. MAZTER-seq permits validation and de novo discovery of m6A sites, calibration of the performance of antibody-based approaches, and quantitative tracking of m6A dynamics in yeast gametogenesis and mammalian differentiation. We discover that m6A stoichiometry is "hard coded" in cis via a simple and predictable code, accounting for 33%-46% of the variability in methylation levels and allowing accurate prediction of m6A loss and acquisition events across evolution. MAZTER-seq allows quantitative investigation of m6A regulation in subcellular fractions, diverse cell types, and disease states.
MeSH Terms
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives,analysis,immunology
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics,metabolism
Animals
Antibodies/immunology
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Embryoid Bodies/metabolism
Embryonic Stem Cells
Endoribonucleases/metabolism
Humans
Meiosis
Methylation
Mice
Nucleotide Motifs
RNA, Messenger/chemistry,metabolism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemicals
Antibodies
RNA, Messenger
N-methyladenosine
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO
FTO protein, human
Endoribonucleases
Adenosine
Authors & Affiliations
13 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Garcia-Campos Miguel Angel
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Edelheit Sarit
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Toth Ursula
Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Safra Modi
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Shachar Ran
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Viukov Sergey
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Winkler Roni
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Nir Ronit
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Lasman Lior
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Brandis Alexander
Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Hanna Jacob H
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
Rossmanith Walter
Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Schwartz Schraga
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address: schwartz@weizmann.ac.il.