Purification of a phospholipase C from rat liver cytosol that acts on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate.

A soluble phospholipase C from rat liver was purified to homogeneity using phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) as substrate. After ammonium sulfate fractionation, the purification involved chromatography on phosphocellulose, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxylapatite, Reactive Blue 2 dye-linked agarose, and Mono S cation exchanger. Under the conditions of the assay, the pure enzyme had a specific activity of 407 mumol/mg protein/min. It migrated as a single band with a molecular mass of 87 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The water-soluble product formed during the hydrolysis of PIP2 by the purified enzyme was inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. The enzyme shows one-half of maximum velocity at 2 microM Ca2+ with PIP2 as substrate. Between 0 and 100 microM Ca2+, the enzyme shows approximately the same activity with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) as it does with PIP2, and very low activity with phosphatidylinositol. The enzyme is activated by low concentrations of basic proteins; for example, with PIP2 as substrate, 1 microgram/ml histone activates the enzyme 3.6-fold. The enzyme shows an almost absolute requirement for monovalent salts which can be met by different alkali metal halides. A second, minor peak of PIP2-hydrolyzing phospholipase C activity was resolved during chromatography of the enzyme on hydroxylapatite. The substrate specificity suggests that PIP and PIP2 are normal substrates of this enzyme. Under physiological conditions of activation, the enzyme may therefore generate inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in amounts determined by the ratio of PIP and PIP2 present in the cellular membranes.