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PMID: 27942821 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Central nervous system regulation of liver and adipose tissue metabolism.

Diabetologia ·Vol. 20 ·No. Suppl 1 ·1981-03-00 ·Pages 343-356

Shimazu T

Abstract

Hypothalamic and autonomic nervous regulation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the liver and of lipid metabolism in adipose tissues is described. The direct neural mechanism underlying this regulation has been evaluated. Electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH)-splanchnic nerve system causes glycogenolysis in the liver by rapid activation of glycogen phosphorylase, whereas electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH)-vagus nerve system promotes glycogenesis in the liver by activation of glycogen synthetase, through direct neural and neural-hormonal mechanisms. Studies on chemical coding of the hypothalamic neurones have revealed that norepinephrine-sensitive neurones in the VMH and acetylcholine-sensitive neurones in the LH are specifically involved in the regulation of liver phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase, respectively. Acetylcholine-sensitive neurones of the LH were also found to be concerned in regulation of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity, through intermediation of the cholinergic system in the LH-vagal pathway. Finally, it has been shown that the VMH acts as a regulatory centre for lipolysis in adipose tissues by modulating activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, stimulation of the VMH enhanced lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue preferentially, probably through a mechanism mediated by sympathetic innervation of this tissue. The latter finding suggests that both the breakdown and resynthesis of triglycerides in brown adipose tissue, but not in white adipose tissue, are accelerated by stimulation of the VMH.

Keywords
Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus calcium ions glucagon glycogen synthetase glycogenesis glycogenolysis hypothalamic obesity insulin lateral hypothalamic nucleus lipogenesis lipolysis phosphorylase splanchnic nerves tyrosine aminotransferase vagus nerves
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Shimazu T
Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan.
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Article Info
Journal
Diabetologia
Abbr.
Diabetologia
ISSN
1432-0428
DOI
10.1007/BF00254502
Published
1981-03-00
Pages
343-356
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
0006777
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00254502 View journal details
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