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PMID: 27706047 Published · epublish English Journal Article Review

Implications of Hypoxia in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone.

International journal of molecular sciences ·Vol. 17 ·No. 10 ·2016-09-30

Gilkes DM

Abstract

Most solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia in which increased cell proliferation promotes increased oxygen consumption and the condition is further exacerbated as cancer cells become localized far from a functional blood vessel, further decreasing the oxygen supply. An important mechanism that promotes cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions is the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Hypoxia-inducible factors transcriptionally regulate many genes involved in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Patients, whose primary tumor biopsies show high HIF expression levels, have a greater risk of metastasis. The current review will highlight the potential role of hypoxia in breast cancer metastasis to the bone by considering the regulation of many steps in the metastatic process that include invasion, migration, margination and extravasation, as well as homing signals and regulation of the bone microenvironment.

Keywords
bone breast cancer hypoxia hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) invasion metastasis migration
MeSH Terms
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism Bone Neoplasms/secondary Breast Neoplasms/pathology Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Female Humans Hypoxia Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism Neoplasm Invasiveness Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
Chemicals
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gilkes Daniele M
Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. dgilkes1@jhu.edu. | Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. dgilkes1@jhu.edu.
Conflict of Interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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Article Info
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
Abbr.
Int J Mol Sci
ISSN
1422-0067
DOI
10.3390/ijms17101669
Email
dgilkes1@jhu.edu
Published
2016-09-30
Epub
2016-00-30
Language
English
Region
Switzerland
NLM ID
101092791
PMCID
PMC5085702
Subset
IM
Grants
NCI NIH HHS · R00 CA181352 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101669 PMC Full Text View journal details
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