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PMID: 25961452 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Pouring fuel on the fire: Th17 cells, the environment, and autoimmunity.

The Journal of clinical investigation ·Vol. 125 ·No. 6 ·2015-06-00 ·Pages 2211-9

Burkett PR, Meyer zu Horste G, Kuchroo VK

Abstract

Cytokines play a critical role in controlling the differentiation of CD4 Th cells into distinct subsets, including IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Unfortunately, the incidence of a number of autoimmune diseases, particularly those in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis has been implicated, has risen in the last several decades, suggesting that environmental factors can promote autoimmunity. Here we review the role of cytokines in Th17 differentiation, particularly the role of IL-23 in promoting the differentiation of a pathogenic subset of Th17 cells that potently induce autoimmune tissue inflammation. Moreover, we highlight emerging data that indicate that environmental factors, including the intestinal microbiota and changes in diet, can alter normal cytokine regulation with potent effects on Th17 differentiation and thus promote autoimmunity, which has strong implications for human disease.

MeSH Terms
Animals Autoimmune Diseases/immunology,pathology Cell Differentiation/immunology Environmental Exposure/adverse effects Humans Interleukin-17/immunology Interleukin-23/immunology Intestines/immunology,microbiology Microbiota/immunology Th17 Cells/immunology,pathology
Chemicals
Interleukin-17 Interleukin-23
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Burkett Patrick R
Meyer zu Horste Gerd
Kuchroo Vijay K
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Article Info
Journal
The Journal of clinical investigation
Abbr.
J Clin Invest
ISSN
1558-8238
DOI
10.1172/JCI78085
Published
2015-06-00
Epub
2015-00-11
Pages
2211-9
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7802877
PMCID
PMC4497747
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1172/JCI78085 PMC Full Text View journal details
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