Adult weight gain and adiposity-related cancers: a dose-res…

Abstract

Adiposity, measured by body mass index, is implicated in carcinogenesis. While adult weight gain has diverse advantages over body mass index in measuring adiposity, systematic reviews on adult weight gain in relation to adiposity-related cancers are lacking. PubMed and Embase were searched through September 2014 for prospective observational studies investigating the relationship between adult weight gain and the risk of 10 adiposity-related cancers. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to estimate summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cancer type. All statistical tests were two-sided. A total of 50 studies were included. For each 5 kg increase in adult weight gain, the summary relative risk was 1.11 (95% CI = 1.08 to 1.13) for postmenopausal breast cancer among no- or low-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users, 1.39 (95% CI = 1.29 to 1.49) and 1.09 (95% CI = 1.02 to 1.16) for postmenopausal endometrial cancer among HRT nonusers and users, respectively, 1.13 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.23) for postmenopausal ovarian cancer among no or low HRT users, 1.09 (95% CI = 1.04 to 1.13) for colon cancer in men. The relative risk of kidney cancer comparing highest and lowest level of adult weight gain was 1.42 (95% CI = 1.11 to 1.81). Adult weight gain was unrelated to cancers of the breast (premenopausal women, postmenopausal HRT users), prostate, colon (women), pancreas, and thyroid. An increase in risk associated with adult weight gain for breast cancer was statistically significantly greater among postmenopausal women (P(heterogeneity) = .001) and HRT nonusers (P(heterogeneity) = .001); that for endometrial cancer was alike among HRT nonusers (P(heterogeneity) = .04). Avoiding adult weight gain itself may confer protection against certain types of cancers, particularly among HRT nonusers.

MeSH Terms

Adiposity Adult Aged Body Mass Index Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Colonic Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Endometrial Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Estrogen Replacement Therapy Female Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Obesity/complications Observational Studies as Topic Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Pancreatic Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Postmenopause Prospective Studies Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology,etiology Risk Weight Gain

Authors & Affiliations

8 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID

Keum NaNa

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG). nak212@mail.harvard.edu.

Greenwood Darren C

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Lee Dong Hoon

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Kim Rockli

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Aune Dagfinn

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Ju Woong

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Hu Frank B

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Giovannucci Edward L

Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology (NK, DHL, FBH, ELG) and Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences (RK), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (DCG); Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (DA); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK (DA); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (WJ); Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (FBH, ELG).

Adult weight gain and adiposity-related cancers: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.

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