Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 2509484 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

A homologue of the axonally secreted protein axonin-1 is an integral membrane protein of nerve fiber tracts involved in neurite fasciculation.

The Journal of cell biology ·Vol. 109 ·No. 5 ·1989-11-00 ·Pages 2363-78

Ruegg MA, Stoeckli ET, Lanz RB, Streit P, Sonderegger P

Abstract

Axonin-1 is a glycoprotein that is released from axons of cultured neurons (Stoeckli, E. T., P. F. Lemkin, T. B. Kuhn, M. A. Ruegg, M. Heller, and P. Sonderegger. 1989. Eur. J. Biochem. 180:249-258). It has recently been purified from the ocular vitreous fluid of the chicken embryo (Ruegg, M. A., E. T. Stoeckli, T. B. Kuhn, M. Heller, R. Zuellig, and P. Sonderegger. 1989. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 8:55-63). Immunohistochemistry localized axonin-1 prevalently in developing nerve fiber tracts. The presence of anti-axonin-1 Fab fragments during axon growth in vitro resulted in antibody binding to the axonal surfaces and in a marked perturbation of the fasciculation pattern. Hence, a fraction of axonin-1 is associated with axonal membranes and, by operational criteria, qualifies as a cell adhesion molecule. The major proportion of membrane-associated axonin-1 co-solubilized with the integral membrane proteins. By physico-chemical, immunological, and protein-chemical criteria, the integral membrane form was found to be highly similar to soluble axonin-1. In common with a number of other cell adhesion molecules, both soluble and membrane-bound axonin-1 express the L2/HNK-1 and the L3 epitopes. Radioactive pulse-chase and double-labeling experiments revealed that the released form was not derived from the membrane-bound form by shedding from the membrane surface, but directly secreted from an intracellular pool. Due to its high degree of similarity to the membrane-associated form and the presence of the L2/HNK-1 and L3 epitopes, reported to be ligands in adhesive cell interactions, adhesive properties are postulated for secreted axonin-1. As a soluble adhesive protein, it may function as a regulator of cell adhesion around its most likely site of secretion, the growth cone.

MeSH Terms
Animals Axons/physiology Brain Chemistry Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/analysis,isolation & purification,metabolism Cells, Cultured Chick Embryo Contactin 2 Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Fluorescent Antibody Technique Ganglia, Spinal/physiology Immunodiffusion Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Membranes/analysis Molecular Weight Nerve Fibers/physiology Neurons/physiology
Chemicals
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal Contactin 2 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ruegg M A
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Stoeckli E T
Lanz R B
Streit P
Sonderegger P
References (62)
62 references, click to expand
  1. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
    Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 PMID: 5432063
  2. Differential distribution of cell adhesion molecules during histogenesis of the chick nervous system.
    J Neurosci. 1986 Mar;6(3):739-58 PMID: 2420947
  3. Selective release of content from microsomal vesicles without membrane disassembly. II. Electrophoretic and immunological characterization of microsomal subfractions.
    J Cell Biol. 1974 Jun;61(3):789-807 PMID: 4209578
  4. A film detection method for tritium-labelled proteins and nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels.
    Eur J Biochem. 1974 Jul 1;46(1):83-8 PMID: 4850204
  5. Selective solubilization of proteins from red blood cell membranes by protein perturbants.
    J Supramol Struct. 1973;1(3):220-32 PMID: 4804837
  6. Methods for analysis of enzyme synthesis and degradation in animal tissues.
    Methods Enzymol. 1975;40:241-66 PMID: 804585
  7. High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins.
    J Biol Chem. 1975 May 25;250(10):4007-21 PMID: 236308
  8. Protein degradation in human fibroblasts (WI-38). Effects of aging, viral transformation, and amino acid analogs.
    J Biol Chem. 1976 Jun 25;251(12):3521-9 PMID: 931997
  9. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding.
    Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 PMID: 942051
  10. Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. II. Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina.
    J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 10;252(19):6841-5 PMID: 893446
  11. Local control of neurite development by nerve growth factor.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4516-9 PMID: 270699
  12. Quantitation of microgram amounts of protein in SDS-mercaptoethanol-tris electrophoresis sample buffer.
    Anal Biochem. 1977 Dec;83(2):773-7 PMID: 603058
  13. Cell surface proteins of cultured brain cells and their recognition by anti-cerebellum (anti-NS-4) antiserum.
    J Neurochem. 1978 Aug;31(2):531-9 PMID: 671053
  14. Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. IV. Role of the cell surface molecule CAM in the formation of neurite bundles in cultures of spinal ganglia.
    J Cell Biol. 1978 Nov;79(2 Pt 1):382-93 PMID: 569154
  15. Surface components and cell recognition.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:491-523 PMID: 382991
  16. Acetylcholine receptors in regenerating muscle accumulate at original synaptic sites in the absence of the nerve.
    J Cell Biol. 1979 Aug;82(2):412-25 PMID: 479308
  17. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 PMID: 388439
  18. A highly sensitive silver stain for detecting proteins and peptides in polyacrylamide gels.
    Anal Biochem. 1979 Sep 15;98(1):231-7 PMID: 94518
  19. Synthesis, transport and fate of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick embryos muscle cells.
    Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):583-94 PMID: 7448873
  20. Surface proteins of cultured mouse cerebellar cells.
    J Neurochem. 1980 Oct;35(4):792-803 PMID: 7005402
  21. A simplified ultrasensitive silver stain for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels.
    Anal Biochem. 1980 Jul 1;105(2):361-3 PMID: 6161559
  22. Plasminogen activator release at the neuronal growth cone.
    Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1532-4 PMID: 7197054
  23. Subcellular distribution of aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in chicken heart: quantitative study.
    Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1982;71(2):187-91 PMID: 7060345
  24. Isolation of intracellular membranes by means of sodium carbonate treatment: application to endoplasmic reticulum.
    J Cell Biol. 1982 Apr;93(1):97-102 PMID: 7068762
  25. Nerve growth factor-inducible large external (NILE) glycoprotein: studies of a central and peripheral neuronal marker.
    J Neurosci. 1983 Mar;3(3):441-54 PMID: 6338160
  26. Post-translational modification and evoked release of two large surface proteins of sympathetic neurons.
    J Neurosci. 1983 Dec;3(12):2504-17 PMID: 6361221
  27. Peptide mapping in one dimension by limited proteolysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized proteins.
    Methods Enzymol. 1983;96:222-9 PMID: 6361454
  28. Peripheral neurons and Schwann cells secrete plasminogen activator.
    J Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;98(2):773-6 PMID: 6537954
  29. A few axonal proteins distinguish ventral spinal cord neurons from dorsal root ganglion neurons.
    J Cell Biol. 1984 Jan;98(1):364-8 PMID: 6707097
  30. A method for the quantitative recovery of protein in dilute solution in the presence of detergents and lipids.
    Anal Biochem. 1984 Apr;138(1):141-3 PMID: 6731838
  31. A nerve terminal anchorage protein from electric organ.
    J Cell Biol. 1986 Aug;103(2):509-20 PMID: 2426282
  32. The appearance of an L1-like molecule in the chick primary visual pathway.
    J Neurosci. 1986 Oct;6(10):2987-94 PMID: 3760944
  33. Membrane glycoproteins involved in neurite fasciculation.
    J Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;104(2):343-53 PMID: 3805123
  34. The novel carbohydrate epitope L3 is shared by some neural cell adhesion molecules.
    J Cell Biol. 1987 Jun;104(6):1597-602 PMID: 2438289
  35. Neurofascin: a novel chick cell-surface glycoprotein involved in neurite-neurite interactions.
    Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):841-9 PMID: 3677174
  36. Identification of agrin, a synaptic organizing protein from Torpedo electric organ.
    J Cell Biol. 1987 Dec;105(6 Pt 1):2471-8 PMID: 2826489
  37. The L2/HNK-1 carbohydrate of neural cell adhesion molecules is involved in cell interactions.
    J Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;106(1):213-23 PMID: 2448311
  38. Characterization and cloning of fasciclin I and fasciclin II glycoproteins in the grasshopper.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jul;85(14):5291-5 PMID: 2839842
  39. Cell adhesion molecules in vertebrate neural development.
    Physiol Rev. 1988 Jul;68(3):819-57 PMID: 3293093
  40. Cell-surface anchoring of proteins via glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol structures.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 1988;57:285-320 PMID: 3052274
  41. Motor neurons contain agrin-like molecules.
    J Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;107(5):1825-33 PMID: 2846587
  42. Identification of proteins secreted from axons of embryonic dorsal-root-ganglia neurons.
    Eur J Biochem. 1989 Mar 15;180(2):249-58 PMID: 2924765
  43. Metabolic behavior of cell surface biotinylated proteins.
    Biochemistry. 1989 Jan 24;28(2):574-80 PMID: 2713332
  44. Purification of axonin-1, a protein that is secreted from axons during neurogenesis.
    EMBO J. 1989 Jan;8(1):55-63 PMID: 2714258
  45. The cell biology of the nerve terminal.
    Neuron. 1988 Aug;1(6):431-8 PMID: 2908445
  46. The hydrolysis of rabbit y-globulin and antibodies with crystalline papain.
    Biochem J. 1959 Sep;73:119-26 PMID: 14434282
  47. A dot-immunobinding assay for monoclonal and other antibodies.
    Anal Biochem. 1982 Jan 1;119(1):142-7 PMID: 7072935
  48. Chemical characterization of a neural cell adhesion molecule purified from embryonic brain membranes.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 10;257(13):7720-9 PMID: 7085646
  49. A common mechanism for the synthesis of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin alpha, gamma and mu chains.
    Nature. 1982 Jul 1;298(5869):77-9 PMID: 6806665
  50. Differences in the carbohydrate structures of neural cell-adhesion molecules from adult and embryonic chicken brains.
    J Biol Chem. 1982 Sep 25;257(18):11064-9 PMID: 6809766
  51. An antiserum against the PC12 cell line defines cell surface antigens specific for neurons and Schwann cells.
    J Neurosci. 1983 Jan;3(1):53-68 PMID: 6337237
  52. Components of Torpedo electric organ and muscle that cause aggregation of acetylcholine receptors on cultured muscle cells.
    J Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;99(2):615-27 PMID: 6746740
  53. Neural cell adhesion molecules and myelin-associated glycoprotein share a common carbohydrate moiety recognized by monoclonal antibodies L2 and HNK-1.
    Nature. 1984 Sep 13-19;311(5982):153-5 PMID: 6206400
  54. Polypeptide components and binding functions of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecules.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7989-93 PMID: 6393132
  55. Initial appearance and regional distribution of the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule in the chick embryo.
    J Cell Biol. 1985 Feb;100(2):442-56 PMID: 3881458
  56. Involvement of the nerve growth factor-inducible large external glycoprotein (NILE) in neurite fasciculation in primary cultures of rat brain.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1276-80 PMID: 3856258
  57. Presynaptic neurones may contribute a unique glycoprotein to the extracellular matrix at the synapse.
    Nature. 1985 Apr 4-10;314(6010):441-3 PMID: 2580240
  58. Release of plasminogen activator and a calcium-dependent metalloprotease from cultured sympathetic and sensory neurons.
    Dev Biol. 1985 Jul;110(1):91-101 PMID: 2989045
  59. Differential modulation of the expression of axonal proteins by non-neuronal cells of the peripheral and central nervous system.
    EMBO J. 1985 Jun;4(6):1395-401 PMID: 4029116
  60. Nerve growth factor enhances expression of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule in PC12 cells.
    J Cell Biol. 1986 Feb;102(2):413-9 PMID: 3511068
  61. Neurite outgrowth patterns in cerebellar microexplant cultures are affected by antibodies to the cell surface glycoprotein L1.
    J Neurosci. 1986 Feb;6(2):605-12 PMID: 3512794
  62. Fluorometric assay of proteins in the nanogram range.
    Arch Biochem Biophys. 1973 Mar;155(1):213-20 PMID: 4736505
Article Info
Journal
The Journal of cell biology
Abbr.
J Cell Biol
ISSN
0021-9525
DOI
10.1083/jcb.109.5.2363
Published
1989-11-00
Pages
2363-78
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0375356
PMCID
PMC2115876
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1083/jcb.109.5.2363 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2