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PMID: 24574484 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

The time of day effects of warm temperature on flowering time involve PIF4 and PIF5.

Journal of experimental botany ·Vol. 65 ·No. 4 ·2014-03-00 ·Pages 1141-51

Thines BC, Youn Y, Duarte MI, Harmon FG

Abstract

Warm temperature promotes flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana and this response involves multiple signalling pathways. To understand the temporal dynamics of temperature perception, tests were carried out to determine if there was a daily window of enhanced sensitivity to warm temperature (28 °C). Warm temperature applied during daytime, night-time, or continuously elicited earlier flowering, but the effects of each treatment were unequal. Plants exposed to warm night (WN) conditions flowered nearly as early as those in constant warm (CW) conditions, while treatment with warm days (WD) caused later flowering than either WN or CW. Flowering in each condition relied to varying degrees on the activity of CO , FT , PIF4 , and PIF5 , as well as the action of unknown genes. The combination of signalling pathways involved in flowering depended on the time of the temperature cue. WN treatments caused a significant advance in the rhythmic expression waveform of CO, which correlated with pronounced up-regulation of FT expression, while WD caused limited changes in CO expression and no stimulation of FT expression. WN- and WD-induced flowering was partially CO independent and, unexpectedly, dependent on PIF4 and PIF5 . pif4-2, pif5-3, and pif4-2 pif5-3 mutants had delayed flowering under all three warm conditions. The double mutant was also late flowering in control conditions. In addition, WN conditions alone imposed selective changes to PIF4 and PIF5 expression. Thus, the PIF4 and PIF5 transcription factors promote flowering by at least two means: inducing FT expression in WN and acting outside of FT by an unknown mechanism in WD.

Keywords
CONSTANS Circadian clock FLOWERING LOCUS T PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR PIF4 PIF5 flowering temperature response.
MeSH Terms
Arabidopsis/genetics,growth & development,physiology,radiation effects Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics,metabolism Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics,metabolism Circadian Clocks DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics,metabolism Flowers/genetics,growth & development,physiology,radiation effects Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Hypocotyl/genetics,growth & development,physiology,radiation effects Light Mutation Photoperiod Plants, Genetically Modified Signal Transduction Temperature Time Factors Transcription Factors/genetics,metabolism Up-Regulation
Chemicals
Arabidopsis Proteins Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors CONSTANS protein, Arabidopsis DNA-Binding Proteins FT protein, Arabidopsis PIF4 protein, Arabidopsis PIF5 protein, Arabidopsis Transcription Factors
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Thines Bryan C
Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Youn Youngwon
Duarte Maritza I
Harmon Frank G
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Article Info
Journal
Journal of experimental botany
Abbr.
J Exp Bot
ISSN
1460-2431
DOI
10.1093/jxb/ert487
Published
2014-03-00
Pages
1141-51
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9882906
PMCID
PMC3935576
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · F32 GM083536 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · F32GM083536-01 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert487 PMC Full Text View journal details
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