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PMID: 23748105 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Targeting long non-coding RNAs in cancers: progress and prospects.

The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology ·Vol. 45 ·No. 8 ·2013-08-00 ·Pages 1895-910

Li CH, Chen Y

Abstract

Pervasive transcription occurs in the human genome to generate thousands of RNA transcripts, and accumulating evidence suggested that the RNA molecules, without protein coding ability, have important roles in diverse biological functions. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), with size larger than 200 nt, is a new class of the non-coding RNA that contributes to cancer development and progression. Roles for several lncRNAs in cancers have been characterized and strategies targeting them have inhibitory effects to malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings point to the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in cancers. Recent advance in biological drugs, led by nucleic acid drugs (i.e. siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides), suggest directions for the development of cancer therapies targeting lncRNAs. Here, we discuss the characteristics of lncRNAs regarding their synthesis, stability and functional role in cells, and emphasize their unique properties that determine their molecular functions. We then discuss the association of lncRNAs with cancers, and illustrate the anticancer effects induced upon modulating the level and function of lncRNAs. We also revisit established methods for targeting RNA molecules and discuss new agents and strategies to attenuate lncRNAs in cancer.

Keywords

ANRIL ASO ATRA CRC CREB Cancer DM1 DsRNA EMT Epigenetics HCC HOTAIR HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA HULC HamRz IRES LSCC LincRNA LncRNA Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 NAT NSCLC Nucleic acid drugs ORF PCGEM1 PCa RISC RNA interference RNA secondary structure RNAi RNAi silencing complex SELEX T-UCR TAR Therapeutic targets UTR all-trans retinoic acid antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus antisense oligonucleotide cAMP-responsive element binding protein colorectal carcinoma double-stranded RNA epithelial–mesenchymal transition hammerhead ribozyme hepatocellular carcinoma highly up-regulated in liver cancer internal ribosomal entry site laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma long intergenic non-coding RNA long non-coding RNA metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 myotonic dystrophy type 1 natural antisense transcript non-small cell lung carcinoma open reading frame prostate cancer prostate cancer gene expression marker 1 shRNA siRNA small hairpin RNA small interfering RNA systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment transactivation response element transcribed ultraconserved region untranslated region

MeSH Terms

Animals Humans MicroRNAs/genetics,metabolism Molecular Targeted Therapy Neoplasms/genetics RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics,metabolism

Chemicals

MicroRNAs RNA, Long Noncoding

Authors & Affiliations

2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID

Li Chi Han

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.

Chen Yangchao

Article Info

Journal

The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology

Abbr.

Int J Biochem Cell Biol

ISSN

1878-5875

DOI

10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.030

Published

2013-08-00

Epub

2013-00-04

Pages

1895-910

Language

English

Region

Netherlands

NLM ID

9508482

Subset

External Links

PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.030 View journal details

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