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PMID: 23381315 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

Immunobiology of influenza vaccines.

Chest ·Vol. 143 ·No. 2 ·2013-02-01 ·Pages 502-510

Gomez Lorenzo MM, Fenton MJ

Abstract

Vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention and control of influenza. The surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus contains two structural elements (head and stalk) that differ in their potential utility as vaccine targets. The head of the HA protein is the primary target of antibodies that confer protective immunity to influenza viruses. The underlying health status, age, and gene polymorphisms of vaccine recipients and, just as importantly, the extent of the antigenic match between the viruses in the vaccine and those that are circulating modulate influenza vaccine protection. Vaccine adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccine improve the breadth of immunity to seasonal and pandemic virus strains. Eliciting antibodies against the conserved HA stem region that cross-react with HAs within influenza virus types or subtypes would allow for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. The highly complex network of interactions generated after influenza infection and vaccination can be studied with the use of systems biology tools, such as DNA microarray chips. The use of systems vaccinology has allowed for the generation of gene expression signatures that represent key transcriptional differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic host responses to influenza infection. Additionally, the use of systems vaccinology tools have resulted in the identification of novel surrogate gene markers that are predictors of the magnitude of host responses to vaccines, which is critical to both vaccine development and public health. Identifying associations between variations in vaccine immune responses and gene polymorphisms is critical in the development of universal influenza vaccines.

MeSH Terms
Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use Cross Protection/immunology Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology Humans Immunity, Innate/genetics Influenza Vaccines/immunology,therapeutic use Influenza, Human/immunology,prevention & control Polymorphism, Genetic Treatment Outcome
Chemicals
Adjuvants, Immunologic Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus Influenza Vaccines
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Gomez Lorenzo Margarita M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Electronic address: gomezmm@niaid.nih.gov.
Fenton Matthew J
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Article Info
Journal
Chest
Abbr.
Chest
ISSN
1931-3543
DOI
10.1378/chest.12-1711
Email
gomezmm@niaid.nih.gov
Published
2013-02-01
Pages
502-510
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0231335
PMCID
PMC3619640
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1711 PMC Full Text View journal details
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