Effect of Pseudomonas cepacia colonization on survival and pulmonary function of cystic fibrosis patients.

We conducted a historical prospective study of 124 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonized with Pseudomonas cepacia (cases) and 124 sex and age matched non-colonized CF patients (controls). Thirty-two of the colonized patients died in the first year following P. cepacia colonization compared to 8 of the control patients, a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). In the second year, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. Cases as a group had poorer pulmonary function and chest X-ray scores than controls up to 2 years before P. cepacia first appeared in their sputum or throat cultures. Regression analysis of pulmonary function tests (percent predicted FEV1 and RV/TLC) for each subject from 3 years before to 2 years after colonization revealed significant differences between cases and controls in slope for FEV1 and in slope and intercept for RV/TLC. When compared separately according to gender, the differences between cases and controls are significant in females but not in males. These results suggest that patients with poor pulmonary function are more prone to colonization with P. cepacia, that a subgroup of these patients will be dramatically affected and die within a year, and that the organism continues to exert a less dramatic negative effect on the pulmonary function of those patients who survive the initial acute effects of colonization, particularly in female patients.