Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 225726 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Studies on the synaptic interconnection between bulbar respiratory neurones of cats.

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology ·Vol. 380 ·No. 3 ·1979-07-00 ·Pages 245-57

Richter DW, Camerer H, Meesmann M, Röhrig N

Abstract

In cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital, medullary respiratory neurones of both dorsal and ventral populations were recorded intracellularly with 1 mol.l-1 KCl-electrodes. The neurones were classified according to the projection of their axons to the spinal cord (bulbospinal neurones) or to the vagal nerves (vagal neurones). Those neurones which could not be activated antidromically (NAA-neurones) by either procedure were subdivided into (inspiratory) R beta-neurones, which were monosynaptically excited by lung stretch receptor afferents, and into inspiratory and expiratory NAA-neurones, which did not receive a direct synaptic input, from these afferents. All types of neurone investigated revealed postsynaptic activity during both inspiration and expiration. The periods when synaptic activity was minimal were the periods of transition between respiratory phases. The input resistance of most respiratory neurones varied in parallel with the respiratory cycle. A drastic fall of the input resistance during expiration was observed in R beta-neurones and in some inspiratory vagal neurones. This was not seen in inspiratory bulbospinal neurones. In stable intracellular recordings, periodic postsynaptic inhibition was demonstrated in 52 of 53 respiratory neurones by IPSP reversal following chloride injection. Maximal membrane potential then was generally reached during one of the periods of respiratory phase transition. Reasons for the failure of others to demonstrate these IPSPs are presented and discrepancies between other findings and these are discussed. It is concluded that reciprocal inhibition between bulbar respiratory neurones does exist and is a general phenomenon. It is argued that reciprocal inhibition is the fundamental mechanism underlying respiratory gating of afferent inputs. The probable existence of recurrent inhibition is inferred from the changes in the pattern of membrane depolarization during the active period of neurones.

MeSH Terms
Animals Brain Mapping Cats Chlorides/pharmacology Electric Conductivity Membrane Potentials/drug effects Models, Neurological Neural Inhibition Neural Pathways/physiology Respiratory Center/physiology Spinal Cord/physiology Synapses/physiology Synaptic Transmission Time Factors Vagus Nerve/physiology
Chemicals
Chlorides
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Richter D W
Camerer H
Meesmann M
Röhrig N
References (54)
54 references, click to expand
  1. Respiratory neurones of the ventrolateral nucleus of the solitary tract of cat: vagal input, spinal connections and morphological identification.
    Brain Res. 1973 Oct 26;61:1-22 PMID: 4773162
  2. Organization of the respiratory center.
    Physiol Rev. 1946 Oct;26(4):609-30 PMID: 21002975
  3. The reticular activating system and respiratory regulation in the cat.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Jun 24;109:586-603 PMID: 13955515
  4. Reciprocal inhibition of bulbar respiratory neurones in the cat [proceedings].
    J Physiol. 1978 Nov;284:80P PMID: 731588
  5. Mechanisms of central transmission of respiratory reflexes.
    Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1973;33(1):287-99 PMID: 4349083
  6. On the local anaesthetic effect of barbiturates.
    J Pharm Pharmacol. 1969 Nov;21(11):763-8 PMID: 4390835
  7. Gating: a mechanism for selective receptivity in the respiratory center.
    Fed Proc. 1977 Sep;36(10):2381-5 PMID: 330251
  8. Powerful inhibition of pontine respiratory neurons by pulmonary afferent activity.
    Brain Res. 1976 Mar 12;104(2):341-6 PMID: 1260432
  9. Single unit activity in medullary respiratory centers of cat.
    J Neurophysiol. 1959 Sep;22:590-8 PMID: 14426463
  10. Localization and patterns of discharge of respiratory neurones in brain-stem of cat.
    J Neurophysiol. 1960 Jan;23:2-13 PMID: 14441048
  11. [Coordination forms of single ganglion cells of the rhombencephalon respiratory centers].
    Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1956;262(6):573-94 PMID: 13359100
  12. Relation between expiratory duration and rostral medullary expiratory neuronal discharge.
    Brain Res. 1978 Feb 3;141(1):172-8 PMID: 624073
  13. Notes on mechanism of rhythmic respiration.
    J Neurophysiol. 1960 Jan;23:14-26 PMID: 14441049
  14. Distinguishing theoretical synaptic potentials computed for different soma-dendritic distributions of synaptic input.
    J Neurophysiol. 1967 Sep;30(5):1138-68 PMID: 6055351
  15. The carotid chemoreceptor input to the respiratory neurones of the nucleus of tractus solitarus.
    J Physiol. 1977 Aug;269(3):797-810 PMID: 894614
  16. Further study on anion permeability of inhibitory post-synaptic membrane of cat motoneurones.
    J Physiol. 1962 Oct;164:150-6 PMID: 13956993
  17. Differential flow of information into branches of a single axon.
    Brain Res. 1973 Dec 21;64:379-86 PMID: 4781348
  18. Discharge of respiratory neurons in sneezes resulting from ethmoidal nerve stimulation.
    Exp Neurol. 1978 Feb;58(3):410-24 PMID: 620701
  19. Descending input from the pneumotaxic system to the lateral respiratory nucleus of the medulla. An anatomical study with the horseradish peroxidase technique.
    Neurosci Lett. 1977 Nov;6(2-3):121-6 PMID: 19605040
  20. Membrane impedance changes during synaptic transmission in cat spinal motoneurons.
    J Neurophysiol. 1967 Sep;30(5):1072-96 PMID: 4293409
  21. The spinal connections of the inspiratory neurones of the ventrolateral nucleus of the cat's tractus solitarius.
    Brain Res. 1973 Oct 26;61:23-33 PMID: 4773163
  22. Morphological and electrical description of medullary respiratory neurons of the cat.
    Pflugers Arch. 1977 Nov 25;372(1):7-16 PMID: 563586
  23. Discharge patterns of brain-stem respiratory neurons during Hering-Breuer reflex evoked by lung inflation.
    J Neurophysiol. 1969 May;32(3):356-74 PMID: 4306898
  24. Models of respiratory phase-switching.
    Fed Proc. 1977 Sep;36(10):2367-74 PMID: 892007
  25. A model of the central and reflex inhibition of inspiration in the cat.
    Biol Cybern. 1975 Aug 8;19(2):105-16 PMID: 1191720
  26. Absence of correlations between lateral expiratory neurones in cat [proceedings].
    J Physiol. 1978 Mar;276:33P-34P PMID: 650457
  27. [Localization and study of respiratory medullary neurons. Antidromic starting by spinal cord or vagal stimulation].
    J Physiol (Paris). 1971 Jan-Feb;63(1):5-40 PMID: 4933603
  28. [Localization of neurons discharging synchronously with respiration in the reticular formation of the cat brain stem under various experimental conditions].
    Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1969;263(3):462-84 PMID: 4239720
  29. Respiratory rhythmicity in the cat.
    Fed Proc. 1976 Jul;35(9):1967-74 PMID: 1278448
  30. Modes of initiation and propagation of spikes in the branching axons of molluscan central neurons.
    J Gen Physiol. 1963 Jan;46:533-49 PMID: 13993486
  31. 'ADJACENT' AND 'REMOTE' POST-SYNAPTIC INHIBITION IN MOTONEURONES STIMULATED BY MUSCLE STRETCH.
    J Physiol. 1964 Nov;174:453-72 PMID: 14232403
  32. Changes in extracellular potassium during the spontaneous activity of medullary respiratory neurones.
    Pflugers Arch. 1978 Sep 6;376(2):139-49 PMID: 568771
  33. On the regulation of depth and rate of breathing.
    J Physiol. 1972 Apr;222(2):267-95 PMID: 5033464
  34. Dendritic location of synapses and possible mechanisms for the monosynaptic EPSP in motoneurons.
    J Neurophysiol. 1967 Sep;30(5):1169-93 PMID: 4293410
  35. Baroreceptor effects on medullary respiratory neurones of the cat.
    Brain Res. 1975 Mar 14;86(1):168-71 PMID: 163666
  36. Anionic permeability of the inhibitory postsynaptic membrane of motoneurones.
    Nature. 1961 Jan 7;189:65 PMID: 13683961
  37. Excitatory synaptic action in motoneurones.
    J Physiol. 1955 Nov 28;130(2):374-95 PMID: 13278906
  38. A network model for control of inspiratory cutoff by the pneumotaxic center with supportive experimental data in cats.
    Biol Cybern. 1976 Jan 10;21(3):131-8 PMID: 1244875
  39. Characteristics of inflation and deflation reflexes during expiration of the cat.
    J Neurophysiol. 1973 Mar;36(2):284-95 PMID: 4706263
  40. [SPONTANEOUS AND THROUGH STIMULATION INDUCED CHANGES OF THE ANTIDROMIC EXCITABILITY OF THE BULBAR RESPIRATORY NEURONS OF THE CAT].
    Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1964 Oct 22;281:245-58 PMID: 14322659
  41. Neural regulation of respiration.
    Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975 Feb;111(2):206-24 PMID: 1089375
  42. MECHANISMS OF SUPRASPINAL ACTIONS UPON SPINAL CORD ACTIVITIES. RETICULAR INHIBITORY MECHANISMS UPON FLEXOR MOTONEURONS.
    J Neurophysiol. 1965 Mar;28:413-22 PMID: 14283063
  43. Discharge patterns of brain-stem respiratory neurons in relation to carbon dioxide tension.
    J Neurophysiol. 1968 Mar;31(2):142-65 PMID: 5687380
  44. Spatial synaptic distribution of recurrent and group Ia inhibitory systems in cat spinal motoneurones.
    J Physiol. 1971 Apr;214(2):305-26 PMID: 5579639
  45. The effect of carbon dioxide on the membrane potential of medullary respiratory neurons.
    Brain Res. 1974 Jul 26;75(2):345-9 PMID: 4841922
  46. Repetitive firing of respiratory neurones during their burst activity.
    J Neurophysiol. 1960 Jan;23:27-46 PMID: 13806242
  47. Synchronized high frequency synaptic potentials in medullary respiratory neurons.
    Brain Res. 1974 Jul 26;75(2):350-5 PMID: 4842842
  48. Intracellular recordings from different types of medullary respiratory neurons of the cat.
    J Neurophysiol. 1975 Sep;38(5):1162-71 PMID: 1177009
  49. Unusual behavior of the La EPSP in cat spinal motoneurons.
    Brain Res. 1976 Aug 13;112(2):395-401 PMID: 953715
  50. Intracellular activity of medullary respiratory neurons.
    Exp Neurol. 1974 Nov;45(2):298-313 PMID: 4370619
  51. The location of cardiac vagal preganglionic motoneurones in the medulla of the cat.
    J Physiol. 1976 Jun;258(1):187-204 PMID: 940054
  52. The specific ionic conductances and the ionic movements across the motoneuronal membrane that produce the inhibitory post-synaptic potential.
    J Physiol. 1955 Nov 28;130(2):326-74 PMID: 13278905
  53. Influence of dendritic location and membrane properties on the effectiveness of synapses on cat motoneurones.
    J Physiol. 1974 Jun;239(2):325-45 PMID: 4413861
  54. Antidromic action potentials fail to demonstrate known interactions between neurons.
    Science. 1972 Jul 7;177(4043):69-72 PMID: 5041778
Article Info
Journal
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology
Abbr.
Pflugers Arch
ISSN
0031-6768
DOI
10.1007/BF00582903
Published
1979-07-00
Pages
245-57
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
0154720
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/BF00582903 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2