Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 21079651 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Role of NF-κB in the skeleton.

Cell research ·Vol. 21 ·No. 1 ·2011-01-00 ·Pages 169-82

Novack DV

Abstract

Since the discovery that deletion of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p52 causes osteopetrosis in mice, there has been considerable interest in the role of NF-κB signaling in bone. NF-κB controls the differentiation or activity of the major skeletal cell types - osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes. However, with five NF-κB subunits and two distinct activation pathways, not all NF-κB signals lead to the same physiologic responses. In this review, we will describe the roles of various NF-κB proteins in basal bone homeostasis and disease states, and explore how NF-κB inhibition might be utilized therapeutically.

MeSH Terms
Animals Bone and Bones/cytology,metabolism Chondrocytes/metabolism Mice NF-kappa B/metabolism,physiology Osteoblasts/metabolism Osteoclasts/metabolism Protein Subunits/metabolism,physiology Signal Transduction
Chemicals
NF-kappa B Protein Subunits
Authors & Affiliations
1 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Novack Deborah Veis
Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. novack@wustl.edu
References (99)
99 references, click to expand
  1. The IkappaB kinase (IKK) inhibitor, NEMO-binding domain peptide, blocks osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):37219-22 PMID: 15252035
  2. NF-kappaB signaling: multiple angles to target OA.
    Curr Drug Targets. 2010 May;11(5):599-613 PMID: 20199390
  3. RelB/p50 dimers are differentially regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin-beta receptor activation: critical roles for p100.
    J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 27;278(26):23278-84 PMID: 12709443
  4. The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid decreases tumor growth in bone in mice with defective osteoclasts.
    Bone. 2009 May;44(5):908-16 PMID: 19442620
  5. A pilot study of tumor necrosis factor inhibition in erosive/inflammatory osteoarthritis of the hands.
    J Rheumatol. 2007 Jun;34(6):1323-7 PMID: 17516620
  6. The estrogen receptor-alpha in osteoclasts mediates the protective effects of estrogens on cancellous but not cortical bone.
    Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Feb;24(2):323-34 PMID: 20053716
  7. Activation of NF-kappaB by fluid shear stress, but not TNF-alpha, requires focal adhesion kinase in osteoblasts.
    Bone. 2010 Jul;47(1):74-82 PMID: 20353839
  8. Defective osteoclastogenesis by IKKbeta-null precursors is a result of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced JNK-dependent apoptosis and impaired differentiation.
    J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 5;283(36):24546-53 PMID: 18567579
  9. Osteoclast differentiation is impaired in the absence of inhibitor of kappa B kinase alpha.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 24;279(52):54841-8 PMID: 15485831
  10. A central role for the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory actions of mechanical strain.
    FASEB J. 2003 May;17(8):899-901 PMID: 12670873
  11. Effect of blockade of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 action on bone resorption in early postmenopausal women.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2007 May;22(5):724-9 PMID: 17295604
  12. Expression of either NF-kappaB p50 or p52 in osteoclast precursors is required for IL-1-induced bone resorption.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Feb;18(2):260-9 PMID: 12568403
  13. Promiscuous mutations activate the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway in multiple myeloma.
    Cancer Cell. 2007 Aug;12(2):131-44 PMID: 17692805
  14. Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of Paget disease of bone.
    J Clin Pathol. 2010 Mar;63(3):199-203 PMID: 19858527
  15. Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates osteoclast differentiation by a mechanism independent of the ODF/RANKL-RANK interaction.
    J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 17;191(2):275-86 PMID: 10637272
  16. Additive bone-protective effects of anabolic treatment when used in conjunction with RANKL and tumor necrosis factor inhibition in two rat arthritis models.
    Arthritis Rheum. 2005 May;52(5):1604-11 PMID: 15880601
  17. Platelet and osteoclast beta3 integrins are critical for bone metastasis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 25;100(24):14205-10 PMID: 14612570
  18. Deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD negatively regulates RANK signaling and osteoclastogenesis in mice.
    J Clin Invest. 2008 May;118(5):1858-66 PMID: 18382763
  19. Biologic sequelae of I{kappa}B kinase (IKK) inhibition in multiple myeloma: therapeutic implications.
    Blood. 2009 May 21;113(21):5228-36 PMID: 19270264
  20. Biomechanical modulation of collagen fragment-induced anabolic and catabolic activities in chondrocyte/agarose constructs.
    Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(3):R82 PMID: 20462435
  21. Evaluation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of the NFkappaB ligand serum levels during treatment with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
    Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Nov;65(11):1495-9 PMID: 16606653
  22. A SQSTM1/p62 mutation linked to Paget's disease increases the osteoclastogenic potential of the bone microenvironment.
    Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Dec 1;17(23):3708-19 PMID: 18765443
  23. Bortezomib-resistant nuclear factor-kappaB activity in multiple myeloma cells.
    Mol Cancer Res. 2008 Aug;6(8):1356-64 PMID: 18708367
  24. Characterization of the intracellular domain of receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK). Interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors and activation of NF-kappab and c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Aug 7;273(32):20551-5 PMID: 9685412
  25. Nuclear factor-kappaB p65 facilitates longitudinal bone growth by inducing growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and by preventing apoptosis.
    J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 16;282(46):33698-33706 PMID: 17884819
  26. NF-kappa B mediates the stimulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by human articular chondrocytes in response to fibronectin fragments.
    J Immunol. 2005 May 1;174(9):5781-8 PMID: 15843581
  27. Bortezomib inhibits maturation and function of osteoclasts from PBMCs of patients with multiple myeloma by downregulating TRAF6.
    Leuk Res. 2009 Jan;33(1):115-22 PMID: 18778854
  28. Endogenous TNFalpha lowers maximum peak bone mass and inhibits osteoblastic Smad activation through NF-kappaB.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2007 May;22(5):646-55 PMID: 17266397
  29. Experimental models of Paget's disease.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2006 Dec;21 Suppl 2:P55-7 PMID: 17229020
  30. RelB is the NF-kappaB subunit downstream of NIK responsible for osteoclast differentiation.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 11;105(10):3897-902 PMID: 18322009
  31. Regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and EAE induction by MAP3K NIK.
    Blood. 2009 Jun 25;113(26):6603-10 PMID: 19411637
  32. Mechanical stimulation mediates gene expression in MC3T3 osteoblastic cells differently in 2D and 3D environments.
    J Biomech Eng. 2010 Apr;132(4):041005 PMID: 20387968
  33. Direct inhibition of NF-kappa B blocks bone erosion associated with inflammatory arthritis.
    J Immunol. 2003 Nov 15;171(10):5547-53 PMID: 14607962
  34. Functional identification of three receptor activator of NF-kappa B cytoplasmic motifs mediating osteoclast differentiation and function.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 24;279(52):54759-69 PMID: 15485878
  35. Exuberant expression of chemokine genes by adult human articular chondrocytes in response to IL-1beta.
    Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Dec;16(12):1560-71 PMID: 18565769
  36. Tumor necrosis factor alpha represses bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by interfering with the DNA binding of Smads through the activation of NF-kappaB.
    J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 18;284(51):35987-95 PMID: 19854828
  37. Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases: long term follow-up of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials.
    Cancer. 2000 Mar 1;88(5):1082-90 PMID: 10699899
  38. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha cooperates with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand in generation of osteoclasts in stromal cell-depleted rat bone marrow cell culture.
    Bone. 2001 May;28(5):474-83 PMID: 11344046
  39. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates RANK ligand stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by an autocrine mechanism.
    J Cell Biochem. 2001 Jun 26-Jul 25;83(1):70-83 PMID: 11500955
  40. The p62 P392L mutation linked to Paget's disease induces activation of human osteoclasts.
    Mol Endocrinol. 2009 Oct;23(10):1668-80 PMID: 19589897
  41. Oscillating fluid flow activation of gap junction hemichannels induces ATP release from MLO-Y4 osteocytes.
    J Cell Physiol. 2007 Jul;212(1):207-14 PMID: 17301958
  42. IkappaB kinase-alpha acts in the epidermis to control skeletal and craniofacial morphogenesis.
    Nature. 2004 Apr 8;428(6983):660-4 PMID: 15071597
  43. Osteopetrosis in mice lacking NF-kappaB1 and NF-kappaB2.
    Nat Med. 1997 Nov;3(11):1285-9 PMID: 9359707
  44. Limb and skin abnormalities in mice lacking IKKalpha.
    Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):313-6 PMID: 10195895
  45. Randomized active-controlled phase II study of denosumab efficacy and safety in patients with breast cancer-related bone metastases.
    J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 1;25(28):4431-7 PMID: 17785705
  46. NF-kappaB p100 limits TNF-induced bone resorption in mice by a TRAF3-dependent mechanism.
    J Clin Invest. 2009 Oct;119(10):3024-34 PMID: 19770515
  47. TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF) 3 serves as an inhibitor of TRAF2/5-mediated activation of the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway by TRAF-binding TNFRs.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Feb 22;102(8):2874-9 PMID: 15708970
  48. Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts.
    Cell. 2007 Sep 7;130(5):811-23 PMID: 17803905
  49. Marrow stromal cells and osteoclast precursors differentially contribute to TNF-alpha-induced osteoclastogenesis in vivo.
    J Immunol. 2004 Oct 15;173(8):4838-46 PMID: 15470024
  50. IKK1-deficient mice exhibit abnormal development of skin and skeleton.
    Genes Dev. 1999 May 15;13(10):1322-8 PMID: 10346820
  51. The atypical PKC-interacting protein p62 is an important mediator of RANK-activated osteoclastogenesis.
    Dev Cell. 2004 Feb;6(2):303-9 PMID: 14960283
  52. Bone remodeling in rheumatic disease: a question of balance.
    Immunol Rev. 2010 Jan;233(1):301-12 PMID: 20193007
  53. Characterization of a non-UBA domain missense mutation of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) in Paget's disease of bone.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Apr;24(4):632-42 PMID: 19049332
  54. Positive cross-talk between estrogen receptor and NF-kappaB in breast cancer.
    Cancer Res. 2009 Dec 1;69(23):8918-25 PMID: 19920189
  55. RelA/p65 promotes osteoclast differentiation by blocking a RANKL-induced apoptotic JNK pathway in mice.
    J Clin Invest. 2008 Jun;118(6):2088-97 PMID: 18464930
  56. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances bone tumor growth in mice in an osteoclast-dependent manner.
    Blood. 2007 Apr 15;109(8):3424-31 PMID: 17192391
  57. Clinical assessment of the long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
    Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Oct;54(10):3104-12 PMID: 17009229
  58. Induction of gadd45beta by NF-kappaB downregulates pro-apoptotic JNK signalling.
    Nature. 2001 Nov 15;414(6861):308-13 PMID: 11713530
  59. Requirement for NF-kappaB in osteoclast and B-cell development.
    Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 15;11(24):3482-96 PMID: 9407039
  60. c-Fos: a key regulator of osteoclast-macrophage lineage determination and bone remodeling.
    Science. 1994 Oct 21;266(5184):443-8 PMID: 7939685
  61. Processing of the NF-kappa B2 precursor p100 to p52 is critical for RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2010 May;25(5):1058-67 PMID: 19874202
  62. Osteoclast motility: putting the brakes on bone resorption.
    Ageing Res Rev. 2011 Jan;10(1):54-61 PMID: 19788940
  63. Osteoblast function is compromised at sites of focal bone erosion in inflammatory arthritis.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Sep;24(9):1572-85 PMID: 19338457
  64. NF-(kappa)B-inducing kinase controls lymphocyte and osteoclast activities in inflammatory arthritis.
    J Clin Invest. 2005 Jul;115(7):1848-54 PMID: 15937549
  65. Inhibition of osteoblastic bone formation by nuclear factor-kappaB.
    Nat Med. 2009 Jun;15(6):682-9 PMID: 19448637
  66. NF-kappaB p50 and p52 regulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor-induced osteoclast precursor differentiation by activating c-Fos and NFATc1.
    J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 22;282(25):18245-18253 PMID: 17485464
  67. TRAF6 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RANKL signaling and osteoclast differentiation.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 10;359(4):1044-9 PMID: 17572386
  68. Shear-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in chondrocytes: roles of E prostanoid (EP) 2 and EP3 in cAMP/protein kinase A- and PI3-K/Akt-dependent NF-kappaB activation.
    J Biol Chem. 2010 Aug 6;285(32):24793-804 PMID: 20516073
  69. Bortezomib inhibits human osteoclastogenesis.
    Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):2025-34 PMID: 17581612
  70. Suppression of early experimental osteoarthritis by in vivo delivery of the adenoviral vector-mediated NF-kappaBp65-specific siRNA.
    Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Feb;16(2):174-84 PMID: 17686636
  71. IKKbeta activation is sufficient for RANK-independent osteoclast differentiation and osteolysis.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Jun;25(6):1282-94 PMID: 20200955
  72. Reactive oxygen species promote TNFalpha-induced death and sustained JNK activation by inhibiting MAP kinase phosphatases.
    Cell. 2005 Mar 11;120(5):649-61 PMID: 15766528
  73. TNF-alpha induces osteoclastogenesis by direct stimulation of macrophages exposed to permissive levels of RANK ligand.
    J Clin Invest. 2000 Dec;106(12):1481-8 PMID: 11120755
  74. Transcriptional regulation of the osterix (Osx, Sp7) promoter by tumor necrosis factor identifies disparate effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF kappa B pathways.
    J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 10;281(10):6297-306 PMID: 16410254
  75. Smad7 mediates inhibition of Saos2 osteosarcoma cell differentiation by NFkappaB.
    Exp Cell Res. 2006 Jan 1;312(1):40-50 PMID: 16259979
  76. I{kappa}B kinase (IKK){beta}, but not IKK{alpha}, is a critical mediator of osteoclast survival and is required for inflammation-induced bone loss.
    J Exp Med. 2005 May 16;201(10):1677-87 PMID: 15897281
  77. Critical roles of c-Jun signaling in regulation of NFAT family and RANKL-regulated osteoclast differentiation.
    J Clin Invest. 2004 Aug;114(4):475-84 PMID: 15314684
  78. Inhibition of RANKL blocks skeletal tumor progression and improves survival in a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis.
    Clin Exp Metastasis. 2008;25(2):119-29 PMID: 18064531
  79. IL-8/CXCL8 and growth-related oncogene alpha/CXCL1 induce chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation.
    J Immunol. 2003 Oct 15;171(8):4406-15 PMID: 14530367
  80. Transcription factor cross-talk: the estrogen receptor and NF-kappaB.
    Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Mar;16(2):46-52 PMID: 15734144
  81. The IkappaB function of NF-kappaB2 p100 controls stimulated osteoclastogenesis.
    J Exp Med. 2003 Sep 1;198(5):771-81 PMID: 12939342
  82. Stimulatory effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on growth plate chondrogenesis are mediated by nuclear factor-kappaB p65.
    J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 5;283(49):34037-44 PMID: 18922796
  83. Intraarticular injection of anakinra in osteoarthritis of the knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
    Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Mar 15;61(3):344-52 PMID: 19248129
  84. A highly selective inhibitor of I kappa B kinase, BMS-345541, blocks both joint inflammation and destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
    Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Sep;48(9):2652-9 PMID: 13130486
  85. Targeting NF-kappaB pathway with an IKK2 inhibitor induces inhibition of multiple myeloma cell growth.
    Br J Haematol. 2007 Jul;138(2):160-8 PMID: 17542984
  86. Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction.
    Cell Metab. 2007 Jun;5(6):464-75 PMID: 17550781
  87. Selective inhibition of NF-kappa B blocks osteoclastogenesis and prevents inflammatory bone destruction in vivo.
    Nat Med. 2004 Jun;10(6):617-24 PMID: 15156202
  88. Frequent engagement of the classical and alternative NF-kappaB pathways by diverse genetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma.
    Cancer Cell. 2007 Aug;12(2):115-30 PMID: 17692804
  89. Mechanotransduction in osteoblast regulation and bone disease.
    Trends Mol Med. 2009 May;15(5):208-16 PMID: 19362057
  90. Two distinct cellular mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption in periprosthetic osteolysis.
    J Orthop Res. 2003 Jan;21(1):73-80 PMID: 12507582
  91. Linking JNK signaling to NF-kappaB: a key to survival.
    J Cell Sci. 2004 Oct 15;117(Pt 22):5197-208 PMID: 15483317
  92. The p55 TNF receptor mediates TNF inhibition of osteoblast differentiation independently of apoptosis.
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;288(5):E1011-8 PMID: 15625085
  93. IL-1 mediates TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis.
    J Clin Invest. 2005 Feb;115(2):282-90 PMID: 15668736
  94. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces differentiation of and bone resorption by osteoclasts.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):4858-64 PMID: 10671521
  95. Signalling, inflammation and arthritis: NF-kappaB and its relevance to arthritis and inflammation.
    Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008 May;47(5):584-90 PMID: 18234712
  96. RelB cellular regulation and transcriptional activity are regulated by p100.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 11;277(2):1405-18 PMID: 11687592
  97. The pivotal role of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway in maintenance of basal bone homeostasis and osteoclastogenesis.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Apr;25(4):809-18 PMID: 19839765
  98. Oestrogen signalling inhibits invasive phenotype by repressing RelB and its target BCL2.
    Nat Cell Biol. 2007 Apr;9(4):470-8 PMID: 17369819
  99. Sequestosome 1 mutations in Paget's disease of bone in Australia: prevalence, genotype/phenotype correlation, and a novel non-UBA domain mutation (P364S) associated with increased NF-kappaB signaling without loss of ubiquitin binding.
    J Bone Miner Res. 2009 Jul;24(7):1216-23 PMID: 19257822
Article Info
Journal
Cell research
Abbr.
Cell Res
ISSN
1748-7838
Published
2011-01-00
Epub
2010-00-16
Pages
169-82
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9425763
PMCID
PMC3193402
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAMS NIH HHS · AR052705 · United States
NIBIB NIH HHS · R21 EB007568 · United States
NIBIB NIH HHS · EB007568 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · R21 DK067689 · United States
NIAMS NIH HHS · R01 AR052705 · United States
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com