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PMID: 20072605 Published · epublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Characterization of the oral fungal microbiome (mycobiome) in healthy individuals.

PLoS pathogens ·Vol. 6 ·No. 1 ·2010-01-08 ·Pages e1000713

Ghannoum MA, Jurevic RJ, Mukherjee PK, Cui F, Sikaroodi M, Naqvi A, Gillevet PM

Abstract

The oral microbiome-organisms residing in the oral cavity and their collective genome-are critical components of health and disease. The fungal component of the oral microbiota has not been characterized. In this study, we used a novel multitag pyrosequencing approach to characterize fungi present in the oral cavity of 20 healthy individuals, using the pan-fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers. Our results revealed the "basal" oral mycobiome profile of the enrolled individuals, and showed that across all the samples studied, the oral cavity contained 74 culturable and 11 non-culturable fungal genera. Among these genera, 39 were present in only one person, 16 genera were present in two participants, and 5 genera were present in three people, while 15 genera (including non-culturable organisms) were present in >/=4 (20%) participants. Candida species were the most frequent (isolated from 75% of participants), followed by Cladosporium (65%), Aureobasidium, Saccharomycetales (50% for both), Aspergillus (35%), Fusarium (30%), and Cryptococcus (20%). Four of these predominant genera are known to be pathogenic in humans. The low-abundance genera may represent environmental fungi present in the oral cavity and could simply be spores inhaled from the air or material ingested with food. Among the culturable genera, 61 were represented by one species each, while 13 genera comprised between 2 and 6 different species; the total number of species identified were 101. The number of species in the oral cavity of each individual ranged between 9 and 23. Principal component (PCO) analysis of the obtained data set followed by sample clustering and UniFrac analysis revealed that White males and Asian males clustered differently from each other, whereas both Asian and White females clustered together. This is the first study that identified the "basal mycobiome" of healthy individuals, and provides the basis for a detailed characterization of the oral mycobiome in health and disease.

MeSH Terms
Adult Asian Americans DNA, Fungal/analysis,isolation & purification Female Fungi/classification,genetics,isolation & purification Humans Male Metagenome Middle Aged Mouth/microbiology Polymerase Chain Reaction Racial Groups Sex Factors Whites Young Adult
Chemicals
DNA, Fungal
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Ghannoum Mahmoud A
Center for Medical Microbiology, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Mahmoud.Ghannoum@case.edu
Jurevic Richard J
Mukherjee Pranab K
Cui Fan
Sikaroodi Masoumeh
Naqvi Ammar
Gillevet Patrick M
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Article Info
Journal
PLoS pathogens
Abbr.
PLoS Pathog
ISSN
1553-7374
DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000713
Email
mahmoud.ghannoum@case.edu
Published
2010-01-08
Epub
2010-00-08
Pages
e1000713
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101238921
PMCID
PMC2795202
Subset
IM
Grants
NIDCR NIH HHS · R01 DE017486 · United States
NIDCR NIH HHS · 1K23DE016110-01 · United States
NIDCR NIH HHS · K23 DE016110 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R21 AI074077 · United States
NIDCR NIH HHS · P01DE019759-01 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · R21-AI074077 · United States
NIDCR NIH HHS · P01 DE019759 · United States
NIDCR NIH HHS · R01-DE017486-01A1 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000713 PMC Full Text View journal details
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