Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 19955427 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

A protein kinase-phosphatase pair interacts with an ion channel to regulate ABA signaling in plant guard cells.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 106 ·No. 50 ·2009-12-15 ·Pages 21419-24

Lee SC, Lan W, Buchanan BB, Luan S

Abstract

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) serves as a physiological monitor to assess the water status of plants and, under drought conditions, induces stomatal pore closure by activating specific ion channels, such as a slow-anion channel (SLAC1) that, in turn, mediate ion efflux from the guard cells. Earlier genetic analyses uncovered a protein kinase (OST1) and several 2C-type phosphatases, as respective positive and negative regulators of ABA-induced stomatal closure. Here we show that the OST1 kinase interacts with the SLAC1 anion channel, leading to its activation via phosphorylation. PP2CA, one of the PP2C phosphatase family members acts in an opposing manner and inhibits the activity of SLAC1 by two mechanisms: (1) direct interaction with SLAC1 itself, and (2) physical interaction with OSTI leading to inhibition of the kinase independently of phosphatase activity. The results suggest that ABA signaling is mediated by a physical interaction chain consisting of several components, including a PP2C member, SnRK2-type kinase (OST1), and an ion channel, SLAC1, to regulate stomatal movements. The findings are in keeping with a paradigm in which a protein kinase-phosphatase pair interacts physically with a target protein to couple a signal with a specific response.

MeSH Terms
Abscisic Acid/metabolism Animals Arabidopsis Proteins Ion Channels/metabolism Membrane Proteins Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism Plant Proteins/metabolism Plant Stomata/metabolism Plants Protein Kinases/metabolism Signal Transduction Xenopus Yeasts
Chemicals
Arabidopsis Proteins Ion Channels Membrane Proteins Plant Proteins SLAC1 protein, Arabidopsis Abscisic Acid Protein Kinases OST1 protein, Arabidopsis AHG3 protein, Arabidopsis Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lee Sung Chul
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Lan Wenzhi
Buchanan Bob B
Luan Sheng
References (42)
42 references, click to expand
  1. ABA-hypersensitive germination3 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C (AtPP2CA) that strongly regulates abscisic acid signaling during germination among Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2Cs.
    Plant Physiol. 2006 Jan;140(1):115-26 PMID: 16339800
  2. Multicolor bimolecular fluorescence complementation reveals simultaneous formation of alternative CBL/CIPK complexes in planta.
    Plant J. 2008 Nov;56(3):505-16 PMID: 18643980
  3. ABA-Hypersensitive Germination1 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C, an essential component of abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis seed.
    Plant J. 2007 Jun;50(6):935-49 PMID: 17461784
  4. A protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation network regulates a plant potassium channel.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 2;104(40):15959-64 PMID: 17898163
  5. Novel protein kinases associated with calcineurin B-like calcium sensors in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1999 Dec;11(12):2393-405 PMID: 10590166
  6. Mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in higher plants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):975-80 PMID: 9448270
  7. Identification of features regulating OST1 kinase activity and OST1 function in guard cells.
    Plant Physiol. 2006 Aug;141(4):1316-27 PMID: 16766677
  8. Expression cloning of TMEM16A as a calcium-activated chloride channel subunit.
    Cell. 2008 Sep 19;134(6):1019-29 PMID: 18805094
  9. Effect of K-252a and abscisic acid on the efflux of citrate from soybean roots.
    J Exp Bot. 2004 Mar;55(397):663-71 PMID: 14754917
  10. The ABI1 and ABI2 protein phosphatases 2C act in a negative feedback regulatory loop of the abscisic acid signalling pathway.
    Plant J. 2001 Feb;25(3):295-303 PMID: 11208021
  11. Identification and functional characterization of EhClC-A, an Entamoeba histolytica ClC chloride channel located at plasma membrane.
    Mol Microbiol. 2006 Feb;59(4):1249-61 PMID: 16430698
  12. Hyperpolarization-activated chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes.
    J Gen Physiol. 1994 Feb;103(2):217-30 PMID: 7514644
  13. Sensitivity to abscisic acid of guard-cell K+ channels is suppressed by abi1-1, a mutant Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9520-4 PMID: 7568166
  14. Abscisic acid inhibits type 2C protein phosphatases via the PYR/PYL family of START proteins.
    Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1068-71 PMID: 19407142
  15. Regulation of abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure and anion channels by guard cell AAPK kinase.
    Science. 2000 Jan 14;287(5451):300-3 PMID: 10634783
  16. An Abscisic Acid-Activated and Calcium-Independent Protein Kinase from Guard Cells of Fava Bean.
    Plant Cell. 1996 Dec;8(12):2359-2368 PMID: 12239380
  17. Alteration of anion channel kinetics in wild-type and abi1-1 transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana guard cells by abscisic acid.
    Plant J. 1997 Jul;12(1):203-13 PMID: 9263461
  18. A Ca(2)+ signaling pathway regulates a K(+) channel for low-K response in Arabidopsis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 15;103(33):12625-30 PMID: 16895985
  19. Malate-induced feedback regulation of plasma membrane anion channels could provide a CO2 sensor to guard cells.
    EMBO J. 1993 Mar;12(3):897-901 PMID: 7681395
  20. Differential abscisic acid regulation of guard cell slow anion channels in Arabidopsis wild-type and abi1 and abi2 mutants.
    Plant Cell. 1997 Mar;9(3):409-23 PMID: 9090884
  21. In the light of stomatal opening: new insights into 'the Watergate'.
    New Phytol. 2005 Sep;167(3):665-91 PMID: 16101906
  22. CO2 regulator SLAC1 and its homologues are essential for anion homeostasis in plant cells.
    Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):483-6 PMID: 18305482
  23. Hypotonicity activates a native chloride current in Xenopus oocytes.
    J Gen Physiol. 1994 Feb;103(2):153-79 PMID: 8189203
  24. Guard cell ABA and CO2 signaling network updates and Ca2+ sensor priming hypothesis.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2006 Dec;9(6):654-63 PMID: 17010657
  25. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations.
    J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163-8 PMID: 6336730
  26. The Arabidopsis CDPK-SnRK superfamily of protein kinases.
    Plant Physiol. 2003 Jun;132(2):666-80 PMID: 12805596
  27. SLAC1 is required for plant guard cell S-type anion channel function in stomatal signalling.
    Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):487-91 PMID: 18305484
  28. Regulators of PP2C phosphatase activity function as abscisic acid sensors.
    Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1064-8 PMID: 19407143
  29. Plant ion channels: gene families, physiology, and functional genomics analyses.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 2009;71:59-82 PMID: 18842100
  30. The regulatory domain of SRK2E/OST1/SnRK2.6 interacts with ABI1 and integrates abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress signals controlling stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
    J Biol Chem. 2006 Feb 24;281(8):5310-8 PMID: 16365038
  31. A hypermorphic mutation in the protein phosphatase 2C HAB1 strongly affects ABA signaling in Arabidopsis.
    FEBS Lett. 2006 Aug 21;580(19):4691-6 PMID: 16876791
  32. An update on abscisic acid signaling in plants and more...
    Mol Plant. 2008 Mar;1(2):198-217 PMID: 19825533
  33. Anion Selectivity of Slow Anion Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Guard Cells (Large Nitrate Permeability).
    Plant Physiol. 1994 Sep;106(1):383-391 PMID: 12232336
  34. A protein kinase, interacting with two calcineurin B-like proteins, regulates K+ transporter AKT1 in Arabidopsis.
    Cell. 2006 Jun 30;125(7):1347-60 PMID: 16814720
  35. Plant PP2C phosphatases: emerging functions in stress signaling.
    Trends Plant Sci. 2004 May;9(5):236-43 PMID: 15130549
  36. Arabidopsis OST1 protein kinase mediates the regulation of stomatal aperture by abscisic acid and acts upstream of reactive oxygen species production.
    Plant Cell. 2002 Dec;14(12):3089-99 PMID: 12468729
  37. Strong regulation of slow anion channels and abscisic acid signaling in guard cells by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9535-9 PMID: 11607582
  38. Identification of two protein kinases required for abscisic acid regulation of seed germination, root growth, and gene expression in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2007 Feb;19(2):485-94 PMID: 17307925
  39. Isolation and characterization of novel mutants affecting the abscisic acid sensitivity of Arabidopsis germination and seedling growth.
    Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 Oct;45(10):1485-99 PMID: 15564532
  40. Protein phosphorylation and binding of a 14-3-3 protein in Vicia guard cells in response to ABA.
    Plant Cell Physiol. 2007 Aug;48(8):1182-91 PMID: 17634179
  41. ABI1 protein phosphatase 2C is a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling.
    Plant Cell. 1999 Oct;11(10):1897-910 PMID: 10521520
  42. A rice dehydration-inducible SNF1-related protein kinase 2 phosphorylates an abscisic acid responsive element-binding factor and associates with ABA signaling.
    Plant Mol Biol. 2007 Jan;63(2):151-69 PMID: 16977424
Article Info
Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Abbr.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
ISSN
1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.0910601106
Published
2009-12-15
Epub
2009-00-02
Pages
21419-24
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7505876
PMCID
PMC2795491
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910601106 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2