Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 19707762 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

The mucosal firewalls against commensal intestinal microbes.

Seminars in immunopathology ·Vol. 31 ·No. 2 ·2009-07-00 ·Pages 145-9

Macpherson AJ, Slack E, Geuking MB, McCoy KD

Abstract

Mammals coexist with an extremely dense microbiota in the lower intestine. Despite the constant challenge of small numbers of microbes penetrating the intestinal surface epithelium, it is very unusual for these organisms to cause disease. In this review article, we present the different mucosal firewalls that contain and allow mutualism with the intestinal microbiota.

MeSH Terms
Animals Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology Humans Intestinal Diseases/immunology,microbiology Intestinal Mucosa/immunology,microbiology
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Macpherson Andrew J
DKF, Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Room G801, Bern, Switzerland. andrew.macpherson@insel.ch
Slack Emma
Geuking Markus B
McCoy Kathy D
References (48)
48 references, click to expand
  1. Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system.
    Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Jun;4(6):478-85 PMID: 15173836
  2. MyD88 signalling plays a critical role in host defence by controlling pathogen burden and promoting epithelial cell homeostasis during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis.
    Cell Microbiol. 2008 Mar;10(3):618-31 PMID: 17979981
  3. Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin.
    Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1203-7 PMID: 7502046
  4. CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance.
    Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):254-8 PMID: 15653504
  5. Enhanced Th1 activity and development of chronic enterocolitis in mice devoid of Stat3 in macrophages and neutrophils.
    Immunity. 1999 Jan;10(1):39-49 PMID: 10023769
  6. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
    Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):599-603 PMID: 11385576
  7. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine.
    Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):881-4 PMID: 11157169
  8. Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
    Immunity. 1999 Jan;10(1):29-38 PMID: 10023768
  9. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis.
    Nat Genet. 2007 May;39(5):596-604 PMID: 17435756
  10. Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract of athymic (nu/nu) mice.
    Infect Immun. 1980 Feb;27(2):461-7 PMID: 6966611
  11. Modulation of epithelial cell growth by intraepithelial gamma delta T cells.
    Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1253-5 PMID: 7973709
  12. The mouse gut T lymphocyte, a novel type of T cell. Nature, origin, and traffic in mice in normal and graft-versus-host conditions.
    J Exp Med. 1978 Dec 1;148(6):1661-77 PMID: 31410
  13. Inflammatory bowel disease in CGD reproduces the clinicopathological features of Crohn's disease.
    Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jan;104(1):117-24 PMID: 19098859
  14. Direct evidence for an integrated function of J chain and secretory component in epithelial transport of immunoglobulins.
    Nature. 1984 Sep 6-11;311(5981):71-3 PMID: 6433206
  15. Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria.
    Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1662-5 PMID: 15016999
  16. Effect of T cell modulation on the translocation of bacteria from the gut and mesenteric lymph node.
    Ann Surg. 1988 Apr;207(4):387-98 PMID: 3281611
  17. Phagocytosis of bacterial pathogens: implications in the host response.
    Semin Immunol. 2001 Dec;13(6):381-90 PMID: 11708894
  18. Intracellular neutralization of influenza virus by immunoglobulin A anti-hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies.
    J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):1339-43 PMID: 7815518
  19. Protective effect of rotavirus VP6-specific IgA monoclonal antibodies that lack neutralizing activity.
    Science. 1996 Apr 5;272(5258):104-7 PMID: 8600516
  20. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
    Nature. 2001 May 31;411(6837):603-6 PMID: 11385577
  21. The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Nov 2;101(44):15718-23 PMID: 15505215
  22. Intracellular neutralization of virus by immunoglobulin A antibodies.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):6901-5 PMID: 1323121
  23. Aberrant mucin assembly in mice causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and spontaneous inflammation resembling ulcerative colitis.
    PLoS Med. 2008 Mar 4;5(3):e54 PMID: 18318598
  24. Common variable immunodeficiency disorders: division into distinct clinical phenotypes.
    Blood. 2008 Jul 15;112(2):277-86 PMID: 18319398
  25. Intestinal permeability: an overview.
    Gastroenterology. 1995 May;108(5):1566-81 PMID: 7729650
  26. Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota.
    Semin Immunol. 2007 Apr;19(2):59-69 PMID: 17118672
  27. Chronic granulomatous disease.
    Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Feb;66(4):553-8 PMID: 19189052
  28. Absence of epithelial immunoglobulin A transport, with increased mucosal leakiness, in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/secretory component-deficient mice.
    J Exp Med. 1999 Oct 4;190(7):915-22 PMID: 10510081
  29. The genetics and immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
    Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Jun;8(6):458-66 PMID: 18500230
  30. The Paneth cell alpha-defensin deficiency of ileal Crohn's disease is linked to Wnt/Tcf-4.
    J Immunol. 2007 Sep 1;179(5):3109-18 PMID: 17709525
  31. Infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.
    Semin Hematol. 1984 Apr;21(2):123-40 PMID: 6204385
  32. Nod2 is a general sensor of peptidoglycan through muramyl dipeptide (MDP) detection.
    J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 14;278(11):8869-72 PMID: 12527755
  33. Negative interactions with the microbiota: IBD.
    Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;635:67-78 PMID: 18841704
  34. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis.
    Cell. 2004 Jul 23;118(2):229-41 PMID: 15260992
  35. From idiopathic infectious diseases to novel primary immunodeficiencies.
    J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Aug;116(2):426-30 PMID: 16083801
  36. Primary immunodeficiencies: a field in its infancy.
    Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):617-9 PMID: 17673650
  37. Adaptations of intestinal macrophages to an antigen-rich environment.
    Semin Immunol. 2007 Apr;19(2):84-93 PMID: 17055292
  38. Paneth cells, defensins, and the commensal microbiota: a hypothesis on intimate interplay at the intestinal mucosa.
    Semin Immunol. 2007 Apr;19(2):70-83 PMID: 17485224
  39. Layers of mutualism with commensal bacteria protect us from intestinal inflammation.
    Gut. 2006 Feb;55(2):276-84 PMID: 16407387
  40. Association between insertion mutation in NOD2 gene and Crohn's disease in German and British populations.
    Lancet. 2001 Jun 16;357(9272):1925-8 PMID: 11425413
  41. A unique subset of self-specific intraintestinal T cells maintains gut integrity.
    J Exp Med. 2002 Jun 3;195(11):1491-7 PMID: 12045247
  42. Serum and secretory IgA in axenic and holoxenic mice.
    J Immunol. 1971 Dec;107(6):1656-62 PMID: 4330459
  43. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
    Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(9):1030-7 PMID: 18609165
  44. Revisiting human primary immunodeficiencies.
    J Intern Med. 2008 Aug;264(2):115-27 PMID: 18544117
  45. IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms.
    Microbes Infect. 2001 Oct;3(12):1021-35 PMID: 11580989
  46. Prokaryotes: the unseen majority.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):6578-83 PMID: 9618454
  47. Angiogenins: a new class of microbicidal proteins involved in innate immunity.
    Nat Immunol. 2003 Mar;4(3):269-73 PMID: 12548285
  48. Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes to T-cell-depleted mice inhibits Escherichia coli translocation from the gastrointestinal tract.
    Infect Immun. 1995 Oct;63(10):3827-34 PMID: 7558287
Article Info
Journal
Seminars in immunopathology
Abbr.
Semin Immunopathol
ISSN
1863-2300
Published
2009-07-00
Epub
2009-00-26
Pages
145-9
Language
English
Region
Germany
NLM ID
101308769
Subset
IM
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com