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PMID: 19538550 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Adaptation and colonization history affect the evolution of clines in two introduced species.

The New phytologist ·Vol. 183 ·No. 3 ·2009-08-00 ·Pages 678-690

Keller SR, Sowell DR, Neiman M, Wolfe LM, Taylor DR

Abstract

Phenotypic and genetic clines have long been synonymous with adaptive evolution. However, other processes (for example, migration, range expansion, invasion) may generate clines in traits or loci across geographical and environmental gradients. It is therefore important to distinguish between clines that represent adaptive evolution and those that result from selectively neutral demographic or genetic processes. We tested for the differentiation of phenotypic traits along environmental gradients using two species in the genus Silene, whilst statistically controlling for colonization history and founder effects. We sampled seed families from across the native and introduced ranges, genotyped individuals and estimated phenotypic differentiation in replicated common gardens. The results suggest that post-glacial expansion of S. vulgaris and S. latifolia involved both neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation (clines) of life history traits along major axes of environmental variation in Europe and North America. Phenotypic clines generally persisted when tested against the neutral expectation, although some clines disappeared (and one cline emerged) when the effects of genetic ancestry were statistically removed. Colonization history, estimated using genetic markers, is a useful null model for tests of adaptive trait divergence, especially during range expansion and invasion when selection and gene flow may not have reached equilibrium.

MeSH Terms
Adaptation, Physiological/genetics Biological Evolution Climate Geography Phenotype Phylogeny Silene/genetics,physiology Species Specificity
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Keller Stephen R
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA.
Sowell Dexter R
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA.
Neiman Maurine
Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; USA.
Wolfe Lorne M
Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
Taylor Douglas R
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4328, USA.
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Article Info
Journal
The New phytologist
Abbr.
New Phytol
ISSN
1469-8137
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02892.x
Published
2009-08-00
Epub
2009-00-15
Pages
678-690
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9882884
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02892.x View journal details
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