Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 19412437 Published · ppublish English Journal Article

Patterns of insertion and deletion in Mammalian genomes.

Current genomics ·Vol. 8 ·No. 6 ·2007-09-00 ·Pages 370-8

Fan Y, Wang W, Ma G, Liang L, Shi Q, Tao S

Abstract

Nucleotide insertions and deletions (indels) are responsible for gaps in the sequence alignments. Indel is one of the major sources of evolutionary change at the molecular level. We have examined the patterns of insertions and deletions in the 19 mammalian genomes, and found that deletion events are more common than insertions in the mammalian genomes. Both the number of insertions and deletions decrease rapidly when the gap length increases and single nucleotide indel is the most frequent in all indel events. The frequencies of both insertions and deletions can be described well by power law.

Keywords
Insertion deletion gap indel mammalian genome.
Authors & Affiliations
6 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Fan Yanhui
Bioinformatics Center, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Wang Wenjuan
Ma Guoji
Liang Lijing
Shi Qi
Tao Shiheng
References (26)
26 references, click to expand
  1. Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5%, counting indels.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13633-5 PMID: 12368483
  2. Comparative genomic analysis of human and chimpanzee indicates a key role for indels in primate evolution.
    J Mol Evol. 2006 Nov;63(5):682-90 PMID: 17075697
  3. The UCSC Genome Browser Database.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):51-4 PMID: 12519945
  4. Evolution's cauldron: duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11484-9 PMID: 14500911
  5. Human-mouse alignments with BLASTZ.
    Genome Res. 2003 Jan;13(1):103-7 PMID: 12529312
  6. Distribution of Indel lengths.
    Proteins. 2001 Oct 1;45(1):102-4 PMID: 11536366
  7. Mapping the protein universe.
    Science. 1996 Aug 2;273(5275):595-603 PMID: 8662544
  8. Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):7708-13 PMID: 12799463
  9. Empirical and structural models for insertions and deletions in the divergent evolution of proteins.
    J Mol Biol. 1993 Feb 20;229(4):1065-82 PMID: 8445636
  10. Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics.
    Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2348-51 PMID: 11743200
  11. Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution.
    Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):493-521 PMID: 15057822
  12. Mutational specificity of the dnaE173 mutator associated with a defect in the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III of Escherichia coli.
    J Mol Biol. 1991 Dec 20;222(4):925-36 PMID: 1762158
  13. The size distribution of insertions and deletions in human and rodent pseudogenes suggests the logarithmic gap penalty for sequence alignment.
    J Mol Evol. 1995 Apr;40(4):464-73 PMID: 7769622
  14. Evolutionary rates of insertion and deletion in noncoding nucleotide sequences of primates.
    Mol Biol Evol. 1994 May;11(3):504-12 PMID: 8015443
  15. Patterns and rates of indel evolution in processed pseudogenes from humans and murids.
    Gene. 1997 Dec 31;205(1-2):191-202 PMID: 9461394
  16. Patterns of nucleotide substitution, insertion and deletion in the human genome inferred from pseudogenes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Sep 15;31(18):5338-48 PMID: 12954770
  17. Occurrence and consequences of coding sequence insertions and deletions in Mammalian genomes.
    Genome Res. 2004 Apr;14(4):555-66 PMID: 15059996
  18. SCOP: a structural classification of proteins database.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):257-9 PMID: 10592240
  19. Majority of divergence between closely related DNA samples is due to indels.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 15;100(8):4661-5 PMID: 12672966
  20. Aligning multiple genomic sequences with the threaded blockset aligner.
    Genome Res. 2004 Apr;14(4):708-15 PMID: 15060014
  21. Frequency of gaps observed in a structurally aligned protein pair database suggests a simple gap penalty function.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 May 20;32(9):2838-43 PMID: 15155852
  22. Deletions in processed pseudogenes accumulate faster in rodents than in humans.
    J Mol Evol. 1989 Apr;28(4):279-85 PMID: 2499684
  23. Evolution of a noncoding region of the chloroplast genome.
    Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1993 Mar;2(1):52-64 PMID: 8081547
  24. Logarithmic gap costs decrease alignment accuracy.
    BMC Bioinformatics. 2006 Dec 05;7:527 PMID: 17147805
  25. Causes of more frequent deletions than insertions in mutations and protein evolution.
    Nature. 1981 Mar 12;290(5802):157-9 PMID: 7207597
  26. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome.
    Nature. 2002 Dec 5;420(6915):520-62 PMID: 12466850
Article Info
Journal
Current genomics
Abbr.
Curr Genomics
ISSN
1389-2029
Published
2007-09-00
Pages
370-8
Language
English
Region
United Arab Emirates
NLM ID
100960527
PMCID
PMC2671719
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com