Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 19377457 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Networking by small-molecule hormones in plant immunity.

Nature chemical biology ·Vol. 5 ·No. 5 ·2009-05-00 ·Pages 308-16

Pieterse CM, Leon-Reyes A, Van der Ent S, Van Wees SC

Abstract

Plants live in complex environments in which they intimately interact with a broad range of microbial pathogens with different lifestyles and infection strategies. The evolutionary arms race between plants and their attackers provided plants with a highly sophisticated defense system that, like the animal innate immune system, recognizes pathogen molecules and responds by activating specific defenses that are directed against the invader. Recent advances in plant immunity research have provided exciting new insights into the underlying defense signaling network. Diverse small-molecule hormones play pivotal roles in the regulation of this network. Their signaling pathways cross-communicate in an antagonistic or synergistic manner, providing the plant with a powerful capacity to finely regulate its immune response. Pathogens, on the other hand, can manipulate the plant's defense signaling network for their own benefit by affecting phytohormone homeostasis to antagonize the host immune response.

MeSH Terms
Plant Growth Regulators/physiology Plants/immunology,metabolism Signal Transduction
Chemicals
Plant Growth Regulators
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Pieterse Corné M J
Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.m.j.pieterse@uu.nl
Leon-Reyes Antonio
Van der Ent Sjoerd
Van Wees Saskia C M
References (98)
98 references, click to expand
  1. Jasmonate signaling: a conserved mechanism of hormone sensing.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Aug;11(4):428-35 PMID: 18583180
  2. Indole-3-acetic acid in microbial and microorganism-plant signaling.
    FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007 Jul;31(4):425-48 PMID: 17509086
  3. Priming: getting ready for battle.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2006 Oct;19(10):1062-71 PMID: 17022170
  4. Coordinated plant defense responses in Arabidopsis revealed by microarray analysis.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 10;97(21):11655-60 PMID: 11027363
  5. Plant interactions with microbes and insects: from molecular mechanisms to ecology.
    Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Dec;12(12):564-9 PMID: 17997347
  6. A global view of defense gene expression regulation--a highly interconnected signaling network.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2004 Oct;7(5):506-11 PMID: 15337092
  7. Salicylic acid in plant defence--the players and protagonists.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Oct;10(5):466-72 PMID: 17904410
  8. Suppression of host defense in compatible plant-Pseudomonas syringae interactions.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Aug;8(4):361-8 PMID: 15936244
  9. The Pseudomonas syringae phytotoxin coronatine promotes virulence by overcoming salicylic acid-dependent defences in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Nov 1;6(6):629-39 PMID: 20565685
  10. Regulation of tradeoffs between plant defenses against pathogens with different lifestyles.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 20;104(47):18842-7 PMID: 17998535
  11. Plant cell biology--get your networks together.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Dec;10(6):546-8 PMID: 17964845
  12. Transcription factor MYC2 is involved in priming for enhanced defense during rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    New Phytol. 2008;180(2):511-523 PMID: 18657213
  13. Negative cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-mediated pathways in the Wassilewskija ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Mol Ecol. 2003 May;12(5):1125-35 PMID: 12694277
  14. Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes.
    Cell. 2003 Jun 27;113(7):935-44 PMID: 12837250
  15. Unraveling mycorrhiza-induced resistance.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Aug;10(4):393-8 PMID: 17658291
  16. Induced Systemic Resistance by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.
    Phytopathology. 2007 Feb;97(2):239-43 PMID: 18944381
  17. The AP2/ERF domain transcription factor ORA59 integrates jasmonic acid and ethylene signals in plant defense.
    Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1347-57 PMID: 18467450
  18. Functional analysis of rice NPR1-like genes reveals that OsNPR1/NH1 is the rice orthologue conferring disease resistance with enhanced herbivore susceptibility.
    Plant Biotechnol J. 2007 Mar;5(2):313-24 PMID: 17309686
  19. Concomitant activation of jasmonate and ethylene response pathways is required for induction of a plant defensin gene in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 1998 Dec;10(12):2103-13 PMID: 9836748
  20. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants.
    Trends Plant Sci. 2006 Apr;11(4):184-91 PMID: 16531096
  21. Molecular players regulating the jasmonate signalling network.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Oct;8(5):532-40 PMID: 16039901
  22. The role of abscisic acid in plant-pathogen interactions.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Aug;8(4):409-14 PMID: 15939661
  23. Interplay between JA, SA and ABA signalling during basal and induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae and Alternaria brassicicola.
    Plant J. 2008 Apr;54(1):81-92 PMID: 18088307
  24. The complexity of disease signaling in Arabidopsis.
    Curr Opin Immunol. 2001 Feb;13(1):63-8 PMID: 11154919
  25. Ethylene signaling: new levels of complexity and regulation.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Oct;11(5):479-85 PMID: 18692429
  26. Enhancement of induced disease resistance by simultaneous activation of salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8711-6 PMID: 10890883
  27. Herbivore-induced resistance against microbial pathogens in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol. 2006 Sep;142(1):352-63 PMID: 16829584
  28. Topology of the network integrating salicylate and jasmonate signal transduction derived from global expression phenotyping.
    Plant J. 2003 Apr;34(2):217-28 PMID: 12694596
  29. Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of plants: biology and biotechnology.
    Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2006 Apr;17(2):147-54 PMID: 16459071
  30. Arabidopsis systemic immunity uses conserved defense signaling pathways and is mediated by jasmonates.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 16;104(3):1075-80 PMID: 17215350
  31. Interplay between MAMP-triggered and SA-mediated defense responses.
    Plant J. 2008 Mar;53(5):763-75 PMID: 18005228
  32. Signaling of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco depends on ethylene perception.
    Plant J. 2003 Jul;35(1):27-32 PMID: 12834399
  33. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis clubroots indicate a key role for cytokinins in disease development.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2006 May;19(5):480-94 PMID: 16673935
  34. The phytotoxin coronatine contributes to pathogen fitness and is required for suppression of salicylic acid accumulation in tomato inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Aug;20(8):955-65 PMID: 17722699
  35. Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:205-27 PMID: 16078883
  36. Signal crosstalk and induced resistance: straddling the line between cost and benefit.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:545-80 PMID: 16078895
  37. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 integrates signals from ethylene and jasmonate pathways in plant defense.
    Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):165-78 PMID: 12509529
  38. Consequences of variation in plant defense for biodiversity at higher trophic levels.
    Trends Plant Sci. 2008 Oct;13(10):534-41 PMID: 18774329
  39. Jasmonate and salicylate as global signals for defense gene expression.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1998 Oct;1(5):404-11 PMID: 10066616
  40. A J domain virulence effector of Pseudomonas syringae remodels host chloroplasts and suppresses defenses.
    Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 20;17(6):499-508 PMID: 17350264
  41. Arabidopsis map kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance.
    Cell. 2000 Dec 22;103(7):1111-20 PMID: 11163186
  42. A fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9448-53 PMID: 11481500
  43. Making sense of hormone crosstalk during plant immune responses.
    Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jun 12;3(6):348-51 PMID: 18541211
  44. Bacterial effectors target the common signaling partner BAK1 to disrupt multiple MAMP receptor-signaling complexes and impede plant immunity.
    Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jul 17;4(1):17-27 PMID: 18621007
  45. Differential effectiveness of microbially induced resistance against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 Jul;21(7):919-30 PMID: 18533832
  46. Ethylene modulates the role of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 in cross talk between salicylate and jasmonate signaling.
    Plant Physiol. 2009 Apr;149(4):1797-809 PMID: 19176718
  47. Global switches and fine-tuning-ABA modulates plant pathogen defense.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 Jun;21(6):709-19 PMID: 18624635
  48. Breaking the barriers: microbial effector molecules subvert plant immunity.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2008;46:189-215 PMID: 18422429
  49. Pathological hormone imbalances.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Aug;10(4):372-9 PMID: 17646123
  50. NPR1, all things considered.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2004 Oct;7(5):547-52 PMID: 15337097
  51. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato hijacks the Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling pathway to cause disease.
    EMBO J. 2007 Mar 7;26(5):1434-43 PMID: 17304219
  52. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different jasmonate-regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Jul;16(7):1938-50 PMID: 15208388
  53. Systemic acquired resistance: the elusive signal(s).
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Aug;11(4):436-42 PMID: 18614393
  54. The receptor-like kinase SERK3/BAK1 is a central regulator of innate immunity in plants.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 17;104(29):12217-22 PMID: 17626179
  55. Cross talk between signaling pathways in pathogen defense.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2002 Aug;5(4):325-31 PMID: 12179966
  56. Salicylic acid inhibits pathogen growth in plants through repression of the auxin signaling pathway.
    Curr Biol. 2007 Oct 23;17(20):1784-90 PMID: 17919906
  57. Kinetics of salicylate-mediated suppression of jasmonate signaling reveal a role for redox modulation.
    Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1358-68 PMID: 18539774
  58. Signal signature and transcriptome changes of Arabidopsis during pathogen and insect attack.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Sep;18(9):923-37 PMID: 16167763
  59. Antagonistic interaction between systemic acquired resistance and the abscisic acid-mediated abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2008 Jun;20(6):1678-92 PMID: 18586869
  60. NPR1: the spider in the web of induced resistance signaling pathways.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2004 Aug;7(4):456-64 PMID: 15231270
  61. News from the frontline: recent insights into PAMP-triggered immunity in plants.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Aug;11(4):389-95 PMID: 18602859
  62. MYB72 is required in early signaling steps of rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):1293-304 PMID: 18218967
  63. Cross talk in defense signaling.
    Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):839-44 PMID: 18316638
  64. The WRKY70 transcription factor: a node of convergence for jasmonate-mediated and salicylate-mediated signals in plant defense.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Feb;16(2):319-31 PMID: 14742872
  65. Pseudomonas syringae type III effector AvrRpt2 alters Arabidopsis thaliana auxin physiology.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 11;104(50):20131-6 PMID: 18056646
  66. Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 1998;36:453-83 PMID: 15012509
  67. Auxin response factors ARF6 and ARF8 promote jasmonic acid production and flower maturation.
    Development. 2005 Sep;132(18):4107-18 PMID: 16107481
  68. Host-microbe interactions: shaping the evolution of the plant immune response.
    Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):803-14 PMID: 16497589
  69. Jasmonate signaling: toward an integrated view.
    Plant Physiol. 2008 Apr;146(4):1459-68 PMID: 18390489
  70. Systems approaches to identifying gene regulatory networks in plants.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2008;24:81-103 PMID: 18616425
  71. Antagonistic interaction between abscisic acid and jasmonate-ethylene signaling pathways modulates defense gene expression and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2004 Dec;16(12):3460-79 PMID: 15548743
  72. The BRI1-associated kinase 1, BAK1, has a brassinolide-independent role in plant cell-death control.
    Curr Biol. 2007 Jul 3;17(13):1116-22 PMID: 17583510
  73. Ethylene production by Botrytis cinerea in vitro and in tomatoes.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Nov;68(11):5342-50 PMID: 12406723
  74. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition rather than development of tissue necrosis contributes to bacterial induction of systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis.
    Plant J. 2007 May;50(3):500-13 PMID: 17419843
  75. Restoration of defective cross talk in ssi2 mutants: role of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and fatty acids in SSI2-mediated signaling.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2003 Nov;16(11):1022-9 PMID: 14601670
  76. SA-inducible Arabidopsis glutaredoxin interacts with TGA factors and suppresses JA-responsive PDF1.2 transcription.
    Plant J. 2007 Apr;50(1):128-39 PMID: 17397508
  77. Brassinosteroid signaling: a paradigm for steroid hormone signaling from the cell surface.
    Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1410-1 PMID: 17138891
  78. Acquired Resistance Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis Is Ethylene Independent.
    Plant Cell. 1994 May;6(5):581-588 PMID: 12244251
  79. DELLAs control plant immune responses by modulating the balance of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling.
    Curr Biol. 2008 May 6;18(9):650-5 PMID: 18450451
  80. The plant immune system.
    Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):323-9 PMID: 17108957
  81. Plants and biotrophs: a pivotal role for cytokinins?
    Trends Plant Sci. 2006 Dec;11(12):581-6 PMID: 17092762
  82. ABA is an essential signal for plant resistance to pathogens affecting JA biosynthesis and the activation of defenses in Arabidopsis.
    Plant Cell. 2007 May;19(5):1665-81 PMID: 17513501
  83. Early responses in the Arabidopsis-Verticillium longisporum pathosystem are dependent on NDR1, JA- and ET-associated signals via cytosolic NPR1 and RFO1.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2006 Sep;19(9):958-69 PMID: 16941900
  84. Differential effectiveness of salicylate-dependent and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent induced resistance in Arabidopsis.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2002 Jan;15(1):27-34 PMID: 11858171
  85. Brassinosteroid functions in a broad range of disease resistance in tobacco and rice.
    Plant J. 2003 Mar;33(5):887-98 PMID: 12609030
  86. Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:135-62 PMID: 16602946
  87. NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol.
    Plant Cell. 2003 Mar;15(3):760-70 PMID: 12615947
  88. Systemic acquired resistance.
    Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2004;42:185-209 PMID: 15283665
  89. The outcomes of concentration-specific interactions between salicylate and jasmonate signaling include synergy, antagonism, and oxidative stress leading to cell death.
    Plant Physiol. 2006 Jan;140(1):249-62 PMID: 16377744
  90. The Arabidopsis thaliana JASMONATE INSENSITIVE 1 gene is required for suppression of salicylic acid-dependent defenses during infection by Pseudomonas syringae.
    Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2006 Jul;19(7):789-800 PMID: 16838791
  91. A flagellin-induced complex of the receptor FLS2 and BAK1 initiates plant defence.
    Nature. 2007 Jul 26;448(7152):497-500 PMID: 17625569
  92. The jasmonate-insensitive mutant jin1 shows increased resistance to biotrophic as well as necrotrophic pathogens.
    Mol Plant Pathol. 2004 Sep 1;5(5):425-34 PMID: 20565618
  93. Suppression by ABA of salicylic acid and lignin accumulation and the expression of multiple genes, in Arabidopsis infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato.
    Funct Integr Genomics. 2007 Jul;7(3):181-91 PMID: 17149585
  94. Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 regulates salicylic acid- and jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent responses via EDS1 and PAD4.
    Plant J. 2006 Aug;47(4):532-46 PMID: 16813576
  95. A plant miRNA contributes to antibacterial resistance by repressing auxin signaling.
    Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):436-9 PMID: 16627744
  96. Plant immune responses triggered by beneficial microbes.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Aug;11(4):443-8 PMID: 18585955
  97. Controlling hormone signaling is a plant and pathogen challenge for growth and survival.
    Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2008 Aug;11(4):420-7 PMID: 18585953
  98. Plant-mediated interactions between pathogenic microorganisms and herbivorous arthropods.
    Annu Rev Entomol. 2006;51:663-89 PMID: 16332227
Article Info
Journal
Nature chemical biology
Abbr.
Nat Chem Biol
ISSN
1552-4469
DOI
10.1038/nchembio.164
Email
c.m.j.pieterse@uu.nl
Published
2009-05-00
Pages
308-16
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
101231976
Subset
IM
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.164 View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2