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PMID: 19153598 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Review

TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition.

Cell research ·Vol. 19 ·No. 2 ·2009-02-00 ·Pages 156-72

Xu J, Lamouille S, Derynck R

Abstract

During development and in the context of different morphogenetic events, epithelial cells undergo a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition or transdifferentiation (EMT). In this process, the cells lose their epithelial characteristics, including their polarity and specialized cell-cell contacts, and acquire a migratory behavior, allowing them to move away from their epithelial cell community and to integrate into surrounding tissue, even at remote locations. EMT illustrates the differentiation plasticity during development and is complemented by another process, called mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). While being an integral process during development, EMT is also recapitulated under pathological conditions, prominently in fibrosis and in invasion and metastasis of carcinomas. Accordingly, EMT is considered as an important step in tumor progression. TGF-beta signaling has been shown to play an important role in EMT. In fact, adding TGF-beta to epithelial cells in culture is a convenient way to induce EMT in various epithelial cells. Although much less characterized, epithelial plasticity can also be regulated by TGF-beta-related bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and BMPs have been shown to induce EMT or MET depending on the developmental context. In this review, we will discuss the induction of EMT in response to TGF-beta, and focus on the underlying signaling and transcription mechanisms.

MeSH Terms
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism Cell Transdifferentiation Epithelial Cells/cytology,metabolism Mesoderm/cytology,metabolism Signal Transduction Smad Proteins/metabolism Transcription Factors/metabolism Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Chemicals
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Smad Proteins Transcription Factors Transforming Growth Factor beta
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Xu Jian
Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Programs in Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lamouille Samy
Derynck Rik
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Article Info
Journal
Cell research
Abbr.
Cell Res
ISSN
1748-7838
DOI
10.1038/cr.2009.5
Published
2009-02-00
Pages
156-72
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
9425763
PMCID
PMC4720263
Subset
IM
Grants
NHLBI NIH HHS · P01 HL060231 · United States
NCRR NIH HHS · P41 RR001614 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1038/cr.2009.5 PMC Full Text View journal details
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