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PMID: 19120477 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Innate immunity to virus infection.

Immunological reviews ·Vol. 227 ·No. 1 ·2009-01-00 ·Pages 75-86

Takeuchi O, Akira S

Abstract

The innate immune system is essential for the initial detection of invading viruses and subsequent activation of adaptive immunity. Three classes of receptors, designated retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), sense viral components, such as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), single-stranded RNA, and DNA. RLRs and TLRs play essential roles in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines in cell type-specific manners. While the RLRs play essential roles in the recognition of RNA viruses in various cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells utilize TLRs for detecting virus invasion. NLRs play a role in the production of mature interleukin-1 beta to dsRNA stimulation. Activation of innate immune cells is critical for mounting adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of viral RNA recognition by these different types of receptors and its relation to acquired immune responses.

MeSH Terms
Animals DEAD Box Protein 58 DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics,immunology,metabolism Endoribonucleases/immunology,metabolism Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Innate Interferon Type I/immunology Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 Mitochondrial Membranes/immunology Mitochondrial Proteins/immunology RNA Helicases/genetics,immunology,metabolism RNA Virus Infections/immunology,physiopathology,prevention & control RNA Viruses/physiology RNA, Viral/genetics,immunology,metabolism Receptors, Immunologic Signal Transduction/immunology Ubiquitination/immunology
Chemicals
Interferon Type I Mitochondrial Proteins NLRX1 protein, human RNA, Viral Receptors, Immunologic DHX58 protein, human Endoribonucleases 2-5A-dependent ribonuclease DDX58 protein, human IFIH1 protein, human DEAD Box Protein 58 DEAD-box RNA Helicases Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 RNA Helicases
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Takeuchi Osamu
Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Akira Shizuo
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Article Info
Journal
Immunological reviews
Abbr.
Immunol Rev
ISSN
1600-065X
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00737.x
Published
2009-01-00
Pages
75-86
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
7702118
PMCID
PMC5489343
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · P01 AI070167 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00737.x PMC Full Text View journal details
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