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PMID: 18715148 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Nitric oxide in health and disease of the nervous system.

Antioxidants & redox signaling ·Vol. 11 ·No. 3 ·2009-03-00 ·Pages 541-54

Knott AB, Bossy-Wetzel E

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important messenger molecule in a variety of physiological systems. NO, a gas, is produced from L-arginine by different isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and serves many normal physiologic purposes, such as promoting vasodilation of blood vessels and mediating communication between nervous system cells. In addition to its physiologic actions, free radical activity of NO can cause cellular damage through a phenomenon known as nitrosative stress. Here, we review the role of NO in health and disease, focusing on its role in function and dysfunction of the nervous system. Substantial evidence indicates that NO plays a key role in most common neurodegenerative diseases, and, although the mechanism of NO-mediated neurodegeneration remains uncertain, studies suggest several possibilities. NO has been shown to modify protein function by nitrosylation and nitrotyrosination, contribute to glutamate excitotoxicity, inhibit mitochondrial respiratory complexes, participate in organelle fragmentation, and mobilize zinc from internal stores. In this review, we discuss and analyze the evidence for each of these mechanisms in different neurodegenerative diseases and propose future directions for research of the role of NO in neurodegeneration.

MeSH Terms
Humans Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Nitric Oxide/physiology Reactive Nitrogen Species/physiology
Chemicals
Reactive Nitrogen Species Nitric Oxide
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Knott Andrew B
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, Florida, USA.
Bossy-Wetzel Ella
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Article Info
Journal
Antioxidants & redox signaling
Abbr.
Antioxid Redox Signal
ISSN
1557-7716
DOI
10.1089/ars.2008.2234
Published
2009-03-00
Pages
541-54
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
100888899
PMCID
PMC2933573
Subset
IM
Grants
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-03S1 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-01 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS055193 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS044314-04 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY016164-04 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-04 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY016164-02 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-03 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY016164-01 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS044314 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS044314-02 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY016164-03 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-02 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY016164 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-01S1 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS047456-05 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS055193-01A2 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS044314-01 · United States
NINDS NIH HHS · R01 NS044314-03 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2234 PMC Full Text View journal details
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