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PMID: 18406336 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Function, structure and regulation of the vacuolar (H+)-ATPases.

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics ·Vol. 476 ·No. 1 ·2008-08-01 ·Pages 33-42

Jefferies KC, Cipriano DJ, Forgac M

Abstract

The vacuolar ATPases (or V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that function to both acidify intracellular compartments and to transport protons across the plasma membrane. Intracellular V-ATPases function in such normal cellular processes as receptor-mediated endocytosis, intracellular membrane traffic, prohormone processing, protein degradation and neurotransmitter uptake, as well as in disease processes, including infection by influenza and other viruses and killing of cells by anthrax and diphtheria toxin. Plasma membrane V-ATPases are important in such physiological processes as urinary acidification, bone resorption and sperm maturation as well as in human diseases, including osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis and tumor metastasis. V-ATPases are large multi-subunit complexes composed of a peripheral domain (V(1)) responsible for hydrolysis of ATP and an integral domain (V(0)) that carries out proton transport. Proton transport is coupled to ATP hydrolysis by a rotary mechanism. V-ATPase activity is regulated in vivo using a number of mechanisms, including reversible dissociation of the V(1) and V(0) domains, changes in coupling efficiency of proton transport and ATP hydrolysis and changes in pump density through reversible fusion of V-ATPase containing vesicles. V-ATPases are emerging as potential drug targets in treating a number of human diseases including osteoporosis and cancer.

MeSH Terms
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism Cell Membrane/metabolism Humans Ion Transport Protein Subunits/chemistry,physiology Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/chemistry,physiology
Chemicals
Protein Subunits Adenosine Triphosphate Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Jefferies Kevin C
Department of Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Cipriano Daniel J
Forgac Michael
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Article Info
Journal
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics
Abbr.
Arch Biochem Biophys
ISSN
1096-0384
Published
2008-08-01
Epub
2008-00-29
Pages
33-42
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0372430
PMCID
PMC2543942
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM034478 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · DK07542 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R37 GM034478-23 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM34478 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R37 GM034478 · United States
NIDDK NIH HHS · T32 DK007542 · United States
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