Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 18379987 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Mechanism of light-induced translocation of arrestin and transducin in photoreceptors: interaction-restricted diffusion.

IUBMB life ·Vol. 60 ·No. 1 ·2008-01-00 ·Pages 2-9

Slepak VZ, Hurley JB

Abstract

Many signaling proteins change their location within cells in response to external stimuli. In photoreceptors, this phenomenon is remarkably robust. The G protein of rod photoreceptors and rod transducin concentrates in the outer segments (OS) of these neurons in darkness. Within approximately 30 minutes after illumination, rod transducin redistributes throughout all of the outer and inner compartments of the cell. Visual arrestin concurrently relocalises from the inner compartments to become sequestered primarily within the OS. In the past several years, the question of whether these proteins are actively moved by molecular motors or whether they are redistributed by simple diffusion has been extensively debated. This review focuses on the most essential works in the area and concludes that the basic principle driving this protein movement is diffusion. The directionality and light dependence of this movement is achieved by the interactions of arrestin and transducin with their spatially restricted binding partners.

MeSH Terms
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism Animals Arrestin/metabolism Diffusion Light Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology Photoreceptor Cells/physiology,radiation effects Protein Transport Rhodopsin/physiology Signal Transduction Transducin/metabolism
Chemicals
Arrestin Molecular Motor Proteins Adenosine Triphosphate Rhodopsin Transducin
Authors & Affiliations
2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Slepak Vladlen Z
Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. V.Slepak@miami.edu
Hurley James B
References (44)
44 references, click to expand
  1. Phosducin induces a structural change in transducin beta gamma.
    Structure. 1998 Aug 15;6(8):1007-19 PMID: 9739091
  2. Radial and longitudinal diffusion of myoglobin in single living heart and skeletal muscle cells.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 8;98(10):5904-9 PMID: 11320218
  3. Piecing together the timetable for visual transduction with transgenic animals.
    Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003 Aug;13(4):404-12 PMID: 12965286
  4. A role for cytoskeletal elements in the light-driven translocation of proteins in rod photoreceptors.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Nov;46(11):3988-98 PMID: 16249472
  5. Light-dependent redistribution of visual arrestins and transducin subunits in mice with defective phototransduction.
    Mol Vis. 2003 Jun 09;9:231-7 PMID: 12802257
  6. Transducin translocation in rods is triggered by saturation of the GTPase-activating complex.
    J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 31;27(5):1151-60 PMID: 17267570
  7. Light induced shift and binding of S-antigen in retinal rods.
    Curr Eye Res. 1985 May;4(5):613-8 PMID: 2410196
  8. Light-dependent subcellular movement of photoreceptor proteins.
    J Neurosci Res. 1988;20(2):263-70 PMID: 3172281
  9. Phosducin facilitates light-driven transducin translocation in rod photoreceptors. Evidence from the phosducin knockout mouse.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 30;279(18):19149-56 PMID: 14973130
  10. GC1 deletion prevents light-dependent arrestin translocation in mouse cone photoreceptor cells.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jan;46(1):12-6 PMID: 15623748
  11. Protein translocation in photoreceptor light adaptation: a common theme in vertebrate and invertebrate vision.
    Sci STKE. 2003 Oct 14;2003(204):PE43 PMID: 14560045
  12. Adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptors.
    Physiol Rev. 2001 Jan;81(1):117-151 PMID: 11152756
  13. Functional comparisons of visual arrestins in rod photoreceptors of transgenic mice.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 May;48(5):1968-75 PMID: 17460248
  14. Temporal kinetics of the light/dark translocation and compartmentation of arrestin and alpha-transducin in mouse photoreceptor cells.
    Mol Vis. 2004 Sep 15;10:672-81 PMID: 15467522
  15. G proteins and phototransduction.
    Annu Rev Physiol. 2002;64:153-87 PMID: 11826267
  16. Light-dependent redistribution of arrestin in vertebrate rods is an energy-independent process governed by protein-protein interactions.
    Neuron. 2005 May 19;46(4):555-67 PMID: 15944125
  17. Direct binding of visual arrestin to microtubules determines the differential subcellular localization of its splice variants in rod photoreceptors.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 24;279(39):41240-8 PMID: 15272005
  18. Centrins, a novel group of Ca2+-binding proteins in vertebrate photoreceptor cells.
    Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;514:155-78 PMID: 12596921
  19. Cytoskeleton participation in subcellular trafficking of signal transduction proteins in rod photoreceptor cells.
    J Neurosci Res. 2002 Feb 1;67(3):290-7 PMID: 11813233
  20. Diffusion of myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells--dependence on fibre type, contraction and temperature.
    Pflugers Arch. 1995 Aug;430(4):519-25 PMID: 7491278
  21. Farnesylation of retinal transducin underlies its translocation during light adaptation.
    Neuron. 2005 Aug 18;47(4):529-39 PMID: 16102536
  22. Each rhodopsin molecule binds its own arrestin.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 27;104(9):3125-8 PMID: 17360618
  23. Myosin III illuminates the mechanism of arrestin translocation.
    Neuron. 2004 Jul 8;43(1):2-4 PMID: 15233912
  24. Functional roles of the two domains of phosducin and phosducin-like protein.
    J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30399-407 PMID: 10896945
  25. Light-dependent translocation of visual arrestin regulated by the NINAC myosin III.
    Neuron. 2004 Jul 8;43(1):95-103 PMID: 15233920
  26. Light-dependent subcellular translocation of Gqalpha in Drosophila photoreceptors is facilitated by the photoreceptor-specific myosin III NINAC.
    J Cell Sci. 2004 Sep 15;117(Pt 20):4797-806 PMID: 15340015
  27. The presence of a Leu-Gly-Asn repeat-enriched protein (LGN), a putative binding partner of transducin, in ROD photoreceptors.
    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jan;46(1):383-9 PMID: 15623799
  28. Microtubules in a rod-specific cytoskeleton associated with outer segment incisures.
    Vis Neurosci. 2000 Sep-Oct;17(5):711-22 PMID: 11153651
  29. Protein diffusion in living skeletal muscle fibers: dependence on protein size, fiber type, and contraction.
    Biophys J. 2000 Oct;79(4):2084-94 PMID: 11023912
  30. Massive light-driven translocation of transducin between the two major compartments of rod cells: a novel mechanism of light adaptation.
    Neuron. 2002 Mar 28;34(1):95-106 PMID: 11931744
  31. Structural and functional properties of metarhodopsin III: recent spectroscopic studies on deactivation pathways of rhodopsin.
    Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2007 Apr 14;9(14):1648-58 PMID: 17396175
  32. Genetic evidence for selective transport of opsin and arrestin by kinesin-II in mammalian photoreceptors.
    Cell. 2000 Jul 21;102(2):175-87 PMID: 10943838
  33. Differential expression and interaction with the visual G-protein transducin of centrin isoforms in mammalian photoreceptor cells.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 3;279(49):51472-81 PMID: 15347651
  34. Light-stimulated protein movement in rod photoreceptor cells of the rat retina.
    FEBS Lett. 1987 Dec 10;225(1-2):127-32 PMID: 2826235
  35. Visual arrestin binding to microtubules involves a distinct conformational change.
    J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 7;281(14):9765-72 PMID: 16461350
  36. Prolonged photoresponses in transgenic mouse rods lacking arrestin.
    Nature. 1997 Oct 2;389(6650):505-9 PMID: 9333241
  37. Interaction of transducin-alpha with LGN, a G-protein modulator expressed in photoreceptor cells.
    Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005 Mar;28(3):485-95 PMID: 15737739
  38. Light-dependent translocation of arrestin in the absence of rhodopsin phosphorylation and transducin signaling.
    J Neurosci. 2003 Apr 15;23(8):3124-9 PMID: 12716919
  39. Subunit dissociation and diffusion determine the subcellular localization of rod and cone transducins.
    J Neurosci. 2007 May 16;27(20):5484-94 PMID: 17507570
  40. Light-driven translocation of signaling proteins in vertebrate photoreceptors.
    Trends Cell Biol. 2006 Nov;16(11):560-8 PMID: 16996267
  41. Arrestin translocation is induced at a critical threshold of visual signaling and is superstoichiometric to bleached rhodopsin.
    J Neurosci. 2006 Jan 25;26(4):1146-53 PMID: 16436601
  42. Transducin activation state controls its light-dependent translocation in rod photoreceptors.
    J Biol Chem. 2005 Dec 9;280(49):41069-76 PMID: 16207703
  43. Visual pigment phosphorylation but not transducin translocation can contribute to light adaptation in zebrafish cones.
    Neuron. 2004 Mar 25;41(6):915-28 PMID: 15046724
  44. Quantification of the cytoplasmic spaces of living cells with EGFP reveals arrestin-EGFP to be in disequilibrium in dark adapted rod photoreceptors.
    J Cell Sci. 2004 Jun 15;117(Pt 14):3049-59 PMID: 15197244
Article Info
Journal
IUBMB life
Abbr.
IUBMB Life
ISSN
1521-6543
DOI
10.1002/iub.7
Email
v.slepak@miami.edu
Published
2008-01-00
Pages
2-9
Language
English
Region
England
NLM ID
100888706
PMCID
PMC2717607
Subset
IM
Grants
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY006641 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · F32 EY006641 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM 060019 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · R01 EY018666 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM060019-09 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM060019 · United States
NEI NIH HHS · EY 06641 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1002/iub.7 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2