Engineering photorespiration in chloroplasts: a novel strategy for increasing biomass production.

Photosynthetic carbon metabolism is rate limiting in C3 plants because of a competing process: photorespiration. Photorespiration lowers the energy efficiency of photosynthesis by metabolizing glycolate produced by the oxygenate activity of Rubisco. The chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana have recently been reported to contain a novel respiratory pathway that converts glycolate directly to glycerate and thus increases productivity by improving photosynthesis in transgenic plants. This pathway promises to widen the applicability of the approach to other C3 plants.