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PMID: 17664430 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Long-term maintenance of species-specific bacterial microbiota in the basal metazoan Hydra.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ·Vol. 104 ·No. 32 ·2007-08-07 ·Pages 13146-51

Fraune S, Bosch TC

Abstract

Epithelia in animals are colonized by complex communities of microbes. Although a topic of long-standing interest, understanding the evolution of the microbial communities and their role in triggering innate immune responses has resisted analysis. Cnidaria are among the simplest animals at the tissue grade of organization. To obtain a better understanding of the microbiota associated with phylogenetically ancient epithelia, we have identified the epibiotic and endosymbiotic bacteria of two species of the cnidarian Hydra on the basis of rRNA comparisons. We analyzed individuals of Hydra oligactis and Hydra vulgaris from both laboratory cultures and the wild. We discovered that individuals from both species differ greatly in their bacterial microbiota. Although H. vulgaris polyps have a quite diverse microbiota, H. oligactis appears to be associated with only a limited number of microbes; some of them were found, unexpectedly, to be endosymbionts. Surprisingly, the microfauna showed similar characteristics in individuals of cultures maintained in the laboratory for >30 years and polyps directly isolated from the wild. The significant differences in the microbial communities between the two species and the maintenance of specific microbial communities over long periods of time strongly indicate distinct selective pressures imposed on and within the epithelium. Our analysis suggests that the Hydra epithelium actively selects and shapes its microbial community.

MeSH Terms

Animals Bacteria/classification Base Sequence Epithelial Cells/microbiology Fresh Water/microbiology Hydra/microbiology Immunity, Innate Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Species Specificity Symbiosis

Authors & Affiliations

2 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID

Fraune Sebastian

Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.

Bosch Thomas C G

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Article Info

Journal

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Abbr.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

ISSN

0027-8424

DOI

10.1073/pnas.0703375104

Published

2007-08-07

Epub

2007-00-30

Pages

13146-51

Language

English

Region

United States

NLM ID

7505876

PMCID

PMC1934924

Subset

Databases

GENBANK

EF667892, EF667893, EF667894, EF667895, EF667896, EF667897, EF667898, EF667899, EF667900, EF667901, EF667902, EF667903, EF667904, EF667905, EF667906, EF667907, EF667908, EF667909, EF667910, EF667911, EF667912, EF667913, EF667914, EF667915, EF667916, EF667917, EF667918, EF667919, EF667920, EF667921, EF667922, EF667923, EF667924, EF667925, EF667926, EF667927

External Links

PubMed source DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703375104 PMC Full Text View journal details

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Long-term maintenance of species-specific bacterial microbiota in the basal metazoan Hydra.

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