A commentary on alternative hypotheses of protonic coupling in the membrane systems catalysing oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation.

Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism Anhydrides/metabolism Bacteria/metabolism Biological Transport Chloroplasts/metabolism Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Membranes/metabolism Mitochondria/metabolism Models, Biological Osmotic Pressure Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative Phosphorylation Permeability Phosphotransferases/metabolism Photosynthesis Thermodynamics

Adenine Nucleotides Anhydrides Phosphotransferases Adenosine Triphosphatases