Roles of cortactin in tumor pathogenesis.

Cortactin is a ubiquitous actin-binding protein that was originally identified as a substrate for the protein kinase Src. It is accumulated in peripheral, actin-enriched structures of cells, including lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, suggesting that cortactin facilitates actin network formation. In addition, recent data suggests that it regulates various aspects of cell dynamics, including integrin signaling, vesicular transport, axon guidance, and cell migration. A large body of evidence indicates that cortactin is also implicated in the pathogenesis of human neoplasia. It is over-expressed in a number of epithelial carcinomas, including breast cancer and head and neck cancer. Over-expression of cortactin in human tumors has been proposed to result in increased cell migration and metastatic potential. This review aims to focus on cortactin-mediated signaling pathways, with emphasis on its contribution to tumor progression and metastasis formation.