Abstract
Many signaling, cytoskeletal, and transport proteins have to be localized to the plasma membrane (PM) in order to carry out their function. We surveyed PM-targeting mechanisms by imaging the subcellular localization of 125 fluorescent protein-conjugated Ras, Rab, Arf, and Rho proteins. Out of 48 proteins that were PM-localized, 37 contained clusters of positively charged amino acids. To test whether these polybasic clusters bind negatively charged phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] lipids, we developed a chemical phosphatase activation method to deplete PM PI(4,5)P2. Unexpectedly, proteins with polybasic clusters dissociated from the PM only when both PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] were depleted, arguing that both lipid second messengers jointly regulate PM targeting.
MeSH Terms
ADP-Ribosylation Factors/chemistry,metabolism
Amino Acid Motifs
Amino Acid Sequence
Animals
Cell Membrane/metabolism
GTP Phosphohydrolases/chemistry,metabolism
HeLa Cells
Humans
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Kinetics
Mice
Molecular Sequence Data
NIH 3T3 Cells
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/metabolism
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism
Second Messenger Systems
Signal Transduction
Static Electricity
rab GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry,metabolism
ras Proteins/chemistry,metabolism
rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemicals
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate
GTP Phosphohydrolases
ADP-Ribosylation Factors
rab GTP-Binding Proteins
ras Proteins
rho GTP-Binding Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
7 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Heo Won Do
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, 318 Campus Drive, Clark Building, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Inoue Takanari
Park Wei Sun
Kim Man Lyang
Park Byung Ouk
Wandless Thomas J
Meyer Tobias
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