Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 1692956 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Retroviral and pseudogene insertion sites reveal the lineage of human salivary and pancreatic amylase genes from a single gene during primate evolution.

Molecular and cellular biology ·Vol. 10 ·No. 6 ·1990-06-00 ·Pages 2513-20

Samuelson LC, Wiebauer K, Snow CM, Meisler MH

Abstract

We have analyzed the junction regions of inserted elements within the human amylase gene complex. This complex contains five genes which are expressed at high levels either in the pancreas or in the parotid gland. The proximal 5'-flanking regions of these genes contain two inserted elements. A gamma-actin pseudogene is located at a position 200 base pairs upstream of the first coding exon. All of the amylase genes contain this insert. The subsequent insertion of an endogenous retrovirus interrupted the gamma-actin pseudogene within its 3'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the inserted elements associated with each of the five human amylase genes has revealed a series of molecular events during the recent history of this gene family. The data indicate that the entire gene family was generated during primate evolution from one ancestral gene copy and that the retroviral insertion activated a cryptic promoter.

MeSH Terms
Actins/genetics Amylases/genetics Animals Base Sequence Biological Evolution Blotting, Southern DNA Transposable Elements Genes Genes, Viral Humans Isoenzymes/genetics Mice Molecular Sequence Data Oligonucleotide Probes Pancreas/enzymology Primates/genetics Pseudogenes Retroviridae/genetics Salivary Glands/enzymology Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Chemicals
Actins DNA Transposable Elements Isoenzymes Oligonucleotide Probes Amylases
Authors & Affiliations
4 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Samuelson L C
Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0618.
Wiebauer K
Snow C M
Meisler M H
References (33)
33 references, click to expand
  1. An evaluation of the molecular clock hypothesis using mammalian DNA sequences.
    J Mol Evol. 1987;25(4):330-42 PMID: 3118047
  2. Identification of a cell-specific DNA-binding activity that interacts with a transcriptional activator of genes expressed in the acinar pancreas.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2464-76 PMID: 2788241
  3. Retroviral DNA integration.
    Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):5-6 PMID: 2990729
  4. A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene.
    Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Mar;44(3):397-401 PMID: 2563634
  5. Abundant class of human DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction.
    Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Mar;44(3):388-96 PMID: 2916582
  6. The human alpha-amylase multigene family consists of haplotypes with variable numbers of genes.
    Genomics. 1989 Jul;5(1):29-42 PMID: 2788608
  7. Cell-specific enhancers in the rat exocrine pancreas.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3599-603 PMID: 2424007
  8. The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution.
    Genomics. 1989 May;4(4):479-97 PMID: 2744760
  9. Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human gamma-actin gene: differential evolution, location, and expression of the cytoskeletal beta- and gamma-actin genes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1775-89 PMID: 2837653
  10. Evolution of cytochrome c genes and pseudogenes.
    J Mol Evol. 1986;23(1):61-75 PMID: 3009835
  11. Molecular analysis of elements inserted into mouse gamma-actin processed pseudogenes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3291-304 PMID: 3106929
  12. Binding of a pancreatic nuclear protein is correlated with amylase enhancer activity.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 25;17(20):8185-95 PMID: 2478959
  13. Expression of the human amylase genes: recent origin of a salivary amylase promoter from an actin pseudogene.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 12;16(17):8261-76 PMID: 2458567
  14. Primary structure of human pancreatic alpha-amylase gene: its comparison with human salivary alpha-amylase gene.
    Gene. 1987;60(1):57-64 PMID: 2450054
  15. Concerted evolution of human amylase genes.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Mar;8(3):1197-205 PMID: 2452973
  16. Overlapping two genes in human DNA: a salivary amylase gene overlaps with a gamma-actin pseudogene that carries an integrated human endogenous retroviral DNA.
    Gene. 1988;62(2):229-35 PMID: 2452768
  17. Identification of a human salivary amylase gene. Partial sequence of genomic DNA suggests a mode of regulation different from that of mouse, Amy1.
    Mol Biol Med. 1987 Jun;4(3):145-55 PMID: 2442579
  18. Tissue-specific and insulin-dependent expression of a pancreatic amylase gene in transgenic mice.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):326-34 PMID: 2436036
  19. Primary structure of human salivary alpha-amylase gene.
    Gene. 1986;41(2-3):299-304 PMID: 2423416
  20. Mouse cytoskeletal gamma-actin: analysis and implications of the structure of cloned cDNA and processed pseudogenes.
    J Mol Biol. 1988 Oct 5;203(3):665-75 PMID: 3210229
  21. Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Sep 25;12(18):7035-56 PMID: 6091052
  22. Nucleotide sequence of the human gamma cytoskeletal actin mRNA: anomalous evolution of vertebrate non-muscle actin genes.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Jul 11;14(13):5275-94 PMID: 3737401
  23. Nucleotide sequence of a full-length human endogenous retroviral segment.
    J Virol. 1985 Jun;54(3):764-72 PMID: 3999194
  24. The phylogeny of the hominoid primates, as indicated by DNA-DNA hybridization.
    J Mol Evol. 1984;20(1):2-15 PMID: 6429338
  25. A novel repeated element with Z-DNA-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6465-9 PMID: 6755470
  26. Mammalian tRNA genes: nucleotide sequence of rat genes for tRNAAsp, tRNAGly and tRNAGlu.
    Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 May 25;9(10):2239-50 PMID: 6265866
  27. The bidirectional transfer of DNA and RNA to nitrocellulose or diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper.
    Anal Biochem. 1980 Nov 15;109(1):123-9 PMID: 6162401
  28. Distinctive termini characterize two families of human endogenous retroviral sequences.
    Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):943-7 PMID: 6089336
  29. Contacts between hormone receptor and DNA double helix within a glucocorticoid regulatory element of mouse mammary tumor virus.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(10):3029-33 PMID: 6328488
  30. Identification and cloning of endogenous retroviral sequences present in human DNA.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4892-6 PMID: 6272283
  31. The descent of hominoids and hominids.
    Sci Am. 1984 Mar;250(3):84-96 PMID: 6422549
  32. Human actin genes are single copy for alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin but multicopy for beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal genes: 3' untranslated regions are isotype specific but are conserved in evolution.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Oct;3(10):1783-91 PMID: 6646124
  33. Immunological time scale for hominid evolution.
    Science. 1967 Dec 1;158(3805):1200-3 PMID: 4964406
Article Info
Journal
Molecular and cellular biology
Abbr.
Mol Cell Biol
ISSN
0270-7306
DOI
10.1128/mcb.10.6.2513-2520.1990
Published
1990-06-00
Pages
2513-20
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
8109087
PMCID
PMC360608
Subset
IM
Grants
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM 24872 · United States
Databases
GENBANK
M37130, M37131
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.6.2513-2520.1990 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2