Home LiteratureArticle Details
PMID: 16364733 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Paramyxovirus membrane fusion: lessons from the F and HN atomic structures.

Virology ·Vol. 344 ·No. 1 ·2006-01-05 ·Pages 30-7

Lamb RA, Paterson RG, Jardetzky TS

Abstract

Paramyxoviruses enter cells by fusion of their lipid envelope with the target cell plasma membrane. Fusion of the viral membrane with the plasma membrane allows entry of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. For paramyxoviruses, membrane fusion occurs at neutral pH, but the trigger mechanism that controls the viral entry machinery such that it occurs at the right time and in the right place remains to be elucidated. Two viral glycoproteins are key to the infection process-an attachment protein that varies among different paramyxoviruses and the fusion (F) protein, which is found in all paramyxoviruses. For many of the paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza viruses 1-5, mumps virus, Newcastle disease virus and others), the attachment protein is the hemagglutinin/neuraminidase (HN) protein. In the last 5 years, atomic structures of paramyxovirus F and HN proteins have been reported. The knowledge gained from these structures towards understanding the mechanism of viral membrane fusion is described.

MeSH Terms
Amino Acid Sequence Animals HN Protein/chemistry,metabolism Membrane Fusion Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Paramyxoviridae/chemistry,metabolism Sequence Alignment Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry,metabolism
Chemicals
HN Protein Viral Fusion Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
3 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Lamb Robert A
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA. ralamb@northwestern.edu
Paterson Reay G
Jardetzky Theodore S
References (47)
47 references, click to expand
  1. An amino acid in the heptad repeat 1 domain is important for the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase-independent fusing activity of simian virus 5 fusion protein.
    J Gen Virol. 2000 Mar;81(Pt 3):719-27 PMID: 10675409
  2. Intracellular maturation and transport of the SV5 type II glycoprotein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: specific and transient association with GRP78-BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive internalization from the cell surface.
    J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;109(6 Pt 2):3273-89 PMID: 2557352
  3. Paramyxovirus fusion: a hypothesis for changes.
    Virology. 1993 Nov;197(1):1-11 PMID: 8212546
  4. Crystal structure of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 gp21 ectodomain crystallized as a maltose-binding protein chimera reveals structural evolution of retroviral transmembrane proteins.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4319-24 PMID: 10200260
  5. Structural characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein core.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 19;97(26):14172-7 PMID: 11106388
  6. N- and C-terminal residues combine in the fusion-pH influenza hemagglutinin HA(2) subunit to form an N cap that terminates the triple-stranded coiled coil.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8967-72 PMID: 10430879
  7. Assembly of a rod-shaped chimera of a trimeric GCN4 zipper and the HIV-1 gp41 ectodomain expressed in Escherichia coli.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 10;94(12):6065-9 PMID: 9177169
  8. Structure of influenza haemagglutinin at the pH of membrane fusion.
    Nature. 1994 Sep 1;371(6492):37-43 PMID: 8072525
  9. Structure and function of a paramyxovirus fusion protein.
    Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jul 11;1614(1):73-84 PMID: 12873767
  10. Mechanisms of viral membrane fusion and its inhibition.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2001;70:777-810 PMID: 11395423
  11. Receptor-triggered membrane association of a model retroviral glycoprotein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Mar 3;95(5):2580-5 PMID: 9482929
  12. Activation of a retroviral membrane fusion protein: soluble receptor-induced liposome binding of the ALSV envelope glycoprotein.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Dec 15;139(6):1455-64 PMID: 9396751
  13. Different roles of individual N-linked oligosaccharide chains in folding, assembly, and transport of the simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.
    Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):1989-2001 PMID: 2183015
  14. Virology: a class act.
    Nature. 2004 Jan 22;427(6972):307-8 PMID: 14737155
  15. Fusion protein of the paramyxovirus SV5: destabilizing and stabilizing mutants of fusion activation.
    Virology. 2000 Apr 25;270(1):17-30 PMID: 10772976
  16. An early stage of membrane fusion mediated by the low pH conformation of influenza hemagglutinin depends upon membrane lipids.
    J Cell Biol. 1997 Jan 13;136(1):81-93 PMID: 9008705
  17. Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution.
    Nature. 1981 Jan 29;289(5796):366-73 PMID: 7464906
  18. Structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose.
    Structure. 2005 May;13(5):803-15 PMID: 15893670
  19. A dual-functional paramyxovirus F protein regulatory switch segment: activation and membrane fusion.
    J Cell Biol. 2003 Oct 27;163(2):363-74 PMID: 14581458
  20. Crystal structure of the Ebola virus membrane fusion subunit, GP2, from the envelope glycoprotein ectodomain.
    Mol Cell. 1998 Nov;2(5):605-16 PMID: 9844633
  21. Virus-cell and cell-cell fusion.
    Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1996;12:627-61 PMID: 8970739
  22. Structure of the hemagglutinin precursor cleavage site, a determinant of influenza pathogenicity and the origin of the labile conformation.
    Cell. 1998 Oct 30;95(3):409-17 PMID: 9814710
  23. The pathway of membrane fusion catalyzed by influenza hemagglutinin: restriction of lipids, hemifusion, and lipidic fusion pore formation.
    J Cell Biol. 1998 Mar 23;140(6):1369-82 PMID: 9508770
  24. Three-dimensional solution structure of the 44 kDa ectodomain of SIV gp41.
    EMBO J. 1998 Aug 17;17(16):4572-84 PMID: 9707417
  25. Core structure of gp41 from the HIV envelope glycoprotein.
    Cell. 1997 Apr 18;89(2):263-73 PMID: 9108481
  26. A core trimer of the paramyxovirus fusion protein: parallels to influenza virus hemagglutinin and HIV-1 gp41.
    Virology. 1998 Aug 15;248(1):20-34 PMID: 9705252
  27. Second sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: implications for fusion.
    J Virol. 2004 Apr;78(7):3733-41 PMID: 15016893
  28. Structure of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase from human parainfluenza virus type III.
    J Mol Biol. 2004 Jan 30;335(5):1343-57 PMID: 14729348
  29. Conformational changes in enveloped virus surface proteins during cell entry.
    Adv Protein Chem. 2003;64:325-62 PMID: 13677052
  30. Core structure of the envelope glycoprotein GP2 from Ebola virus at 1.9-A resolution.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 16;96(6):2662-7 PMID: 10077567
  31. Capture of an early fusion-active conformation of HIV-1 gp41.
    Nat Struct Biol. 1998 Apr;5(4):276-9 PMID: 9546217
  32. Evidence that the transition of HIV-1 gp41 into a six-helix bundle, not the bundle configuration, induces membrane fusion.
    J Cell Biol. 2000 Oct 16;151(2):413-23 PMID: 11038187
  33. Retrovirus envelope domain at 1.7 angstrom resolution.
    Nat Struct Biol. 1996 May;3(5):465-9 PMID: 8612078
  34. Activation of a paramyxovirus fusion protein is modulated by inside-out signaling from the cytoplasmic tail.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 22;101(25):9217-22 PMID: 15197264
  35. Structural basis for paramyxovirus-mediated membrane fusion.
    Mol Cell. 1999 Mar;3(3):309-19 PMID: 10198633
  36. The many mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins.
    Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;285:25-66 PMID: 15609500
  37. Virus membrane fusion proteins: biological machines that undergo a metamorphosis.
    Biosci Rep. 2000 Dec;20(6):597-612 PMID: 11426696
  38. Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: the influenza hemagglutinin.
    Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:531-69 PMID: 10966468
  39. Membrane fusion machines of paramyxoviruses: capture of intermediates of fusion.
    EMBO J. 2001 Aug 1;20(15):4024-34 PMID: 11483506
  40. Conserved glycine residues in the fusion peptide of the paramyxovirus fusion protein regulate activation of the native state.
    J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(24):13727-42 PMID: 15564482
  41. The structural biology of type I viral membrane fusion.
    Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;4(4):309-19 PMID: 12671653
  42. Dissociation of gp120 from HIV-1 virions induced by soluble CD4.
    Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1139-42 PMID: 2251501
  43. Crystal structure of the multifunctional paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.
    Nat Struct Biol. 2000 Nov;7(11):1068-74 PMID: 11062565
  44. Atomic structure of a thermostable subdomain of HIV-1 gp41.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12303-8 PMID: 9356444
  45. A single amino acid change in the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein alters the requirement for HN protein in fusion.
    J Virol. 2000 Jun;74(11):5101-7 PMID: 10799584
  46. The structure of the fusion glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus suggests a novel paradigm for the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion.
    Structure. 2001 Mar 7;9(3):255-66 PMID: 11286892
  47. Structure of the uncleaved ectodomain of the paramyxovirus (hPIV3) fusion protein.
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 28;102(26):9288-93 PMID: 15964978
Article Info
Journal
Virology
Abbr.
Virology
ISSN
0042-6822
DOI
10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.007
Email
ralamb@northwestern.edu
Published
2006-01-05
Pages
30-7
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
0110674
PMCID
PMC7172328
Subset
IM
Grants
NIAID NIH HHS · R01 AI023173 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · R01 GM061050 · United States
NIGMS NIH HHS · GM-61050 · United States
NIAID NIH HHS · AI-23173 · United States
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.007 PMC Full Text View journal details
Analysis Services
Analysis Services

Contact

No. 2 Wenbo Road, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong

Qilu Normal University · Genelibs Bioinformatics Lab

750 Shunhua Rd, Jinan

2F, Bldg F, University Science Park

Tel: 0531-88819269

WeChat Official Account

Follow our WeChat subscription account for real-time updates and the latest in medical and biological research.


Business Email

E-mail: product@genelibs.com

Copyright © 2026.Genelibs Jinan Honghui Biotechnology Co., Ltd. 鲁ICP备20007159号-2