Biomarkers in cancer staging, prognosis and treatment selection.

Advances in genomics, proteomics and molecular pathology have generated many candidate biomarkers with potential clinical value. Their use for cancer staging and personalization of therapy at the time of diagnosis could improve patient care. However, translation from bench to bedside outside of the research setting has proved more difficult than might have been expected. Understanding how and when biomarkers can be integrated into clinical care is crucial if we want to translate the promise into reality.