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PMID: 16235110 Published · ppublish English Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Molecular and structural characterization of barley vernalization genes.

Plant molecular biology ·Vol. 59 ·No. 3 ·2005-10-00 ·Pages 449-67

von Zitzewitz J, Szucs P, Dubcovsky J, Yan L, Francia E, Pecchioni N, Casas A, Chen TH, Hayes PM, Skinner JS

Abstract

Vernalization, the requirement of a period of low temperature to induce transition from the vegetative to reproductive state, is an evolutionarily and economically important trait in the Triticeae. The genetic basis of vernalization in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare) can be defined using the two-locus VRN-H1/VRN-H2 model. We analyzed the allelic characteristics of HvBM5A, the candidate gene for VRN-H1, from ten cultivated barley accessions and one wild progenitor accession (subsp. spontaneum), representing the three barley growth habits - winter, facultative, and spring. We present multiple lines of evidence, including sequence, linkage map location, and expression, that support HvBM5A being VRN-H1. While the predicted polypeptides from different growth habits are identical, spring accessions contain a deletion in the first intron of HvBM5A that may be important for regulation. While spring HvBM5A alleles are typified by the intron-localized deletion, in some cases, the promoter may also determine the allele type. The presence/absence of the tightly linked ZCCT-H gene family members on chromosome 4H perfectly correlates with growth habit and we conclude that one of the three ZCCT-H genes is VRN-H2. The VRN-H2 locus is present in winter genotypes and deleted from the facultative and spring genotypes analyzed in this study, suggesting the facultative growth habit (cold tolerant, vernalization unresponsive) is a result of deletion of the VRN-H2 locus and presence of a winter HvBM5A allele. All reported barley vernalization QTLs can be explained by the two-locus VRN-H1/VRN-H2 model based on the presence/absence of VRN-H2 and a winter vs. spring HvBM5A allele.

MeSH Terms
Alleles Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Plant/genetics Cloning, Molecular Cold Temperature DNA, Complementary/chemistry,genetics DNA, Plant/chemistry,genetics,isolation & purification Flowers/genetics,growth & development Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genotype Hordeum/genetics,growth & development Introns/genetics MADS Domain Proteins/genetics Molecular Sequence Data Plant Proteins/genetics Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics Seasons Sequence Analysis, DNA Species Specificity
Chemicals
DNA, Complementary DNA, Plant MADS Domain Proteins Plant Proteins
Authors & Affiliations
10 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
von Zitzewitz Jarislav
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 253 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Szucs Péter
Dubcovsky Jorge
Yan Liuling
Francia Enrico
Pecchioni Nicola
Casas Ana
Chen Tony H H
Hayes Patrick M
Skinner Jeffrey S
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Article Info
Journal
Plant molecular biology
Abbr.
Plant Mol Biol
ISSN
0167-4412
DOI
10.1007/s11103-005-0351-2
Published
2005-10-00
Pages
449-67
Language
English
Region
Netherlands
NLM ID
9106343
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
AY750993, AY750994, AY750995, AY750996, AY785815, AY785816, AY785817, AY785818, AY785819, AY785820, AY785821, AY785822, AY785823, AY785824, AY785825, AY785826, AY785827, AY785828, AY785829, AY785830, AY785831, AY785832, AY785833, AY785834, AY785835, AY866486, AY866487, AY866488, AY866489, AY866490, AY866491, AY866492, AY866493, AY866494, AY866495, AY871789
External Links
PubMed source DOI: 10.1007/s11103-005-0351-2 View journal details
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