Nucleosome and chromatin fiber dynamics.

Chromosomal DNA is packaged into condensed nucleoprotein suprastructures, yet the DNA can be accessed as needed within this structural context. Recently, progress has been made concerning how the nucleosomal subunits of chromatin fibers are disassembled and reassembled in vitro and in vivo. At the level of the chromatin fiber, the conformational organization of condensed 30 nm secondary structures has been elucidated. A great deal of progress also has been made toward understanding how chromatin architectural proteins, such as MeCP2, MENT, polycomb and HP1alpha, assemble different specific types of secondary and tertiary chromatin structures. The emerging picture is that the inherent dynamics of nucleosomal assemblages at all structural levels are a key link between the condensed domains found in eukaryotic genomes and the functions that take place within them.