Protein interfaces in signaling regulated by arginine methylation.

Posttranslational modifications are well-known effectors of signal transduction. Arginine methylation is a covalent modification that results in the addition of methyl groups to the nitrogen atoms of the arginine side chains. A probable role of arginine methylation in signal transduction is emerging with the identification of new arginine-methylated proteins. However, the functional consequences of arginine methylation and its mode of regulation remain unknown. The identification of the protein arginine methyltransferase family and the development of methylarginine-specific antibodies have raised renewed interest in this modification during the last decade. Arginine methylation was mainly observed on abundant proteins such as RNA-binding proteins and histones, but recent advances have revealed a plethora of arginine-methylated proteins implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including signaling by interferon and cytokines, and in T cell signaling. We discuss these recent advances and the role of arginine methylation in signal transduction.