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PMID: 15128517 Published · ppublish English Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the Ni hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense.

Applied and environmental microbiology ·Vol. 70 ·No. 5 ·2004-05-00 ·Pages 2667-77

Idris R, Trifonova R, Puschenreiter M, Wenzel WW, Sessitsch A

Abstract

Thlaspi goesingense is able to hyperaccumulate extremely high concentrations of Ni when grown in ultramafic soils. Recently it has been shown that rhizosphere bacteria may increase the heavy metal concentrations in hyperaccumulator plants significantly, whereas the role of endophytes has not been investigated yet. In this study the rhizosphere and shoot-associated (endophytic) bacteria colonizing T. goesingense were characterized in detail by using both cultivation and cultivation-independent techniques. Bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and isolates were further characterized regarding characteristics that may be relevant for a beneficial plant-microbe interaction-Ni tolerance, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase and siderophore production. In the rhizosphere a high percentage of bacteria belonging to the Holophaga/Acidobacterium division and alpha-Proteobacteria were found. In addition, high-G+C gram-positive bacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and microbes of the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides division colonized the rhizosphere. The community structure of shoot-associated bacteria was highly different. The majority of clones affiliated with the Proteobacteria, but also bacteria belonging to the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Bacteroides division, the Holophaga/Acidobacterium division, and the low-G+C gram-positive bacteria, were frequently found. A high number of highly related Sphingomonas 16S rRNA gene sequences were detected, which were also obtained by the cultivation of endophytes. Rhizosphere isolates belonged mainly to the genera Methylobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Okibacterium, whereas the majority of endophytes showed high levels of similarity to Methylobacterium mesophilicum. Additionally, Sphingomonas spp. were abundant. Isolates were resistant to Ni concentrations between 5 and 12 mM; however, endophytes generally tolerated higher Ni levels than rhizosphere bacteria. Almost all bacteria were able to produce siderophores. Various strains, particularly endophytes, were able to grow on ACC as the sole nitrogen source.

MeSH Terms
Bacteria/classification,genetics,isolation & purification Carbon-Carbon Lyases/metabolism Culture Media DNA, Ribosomal/analysis Ecosystem Flowers/microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Nickel/metabolism,pharmacology Plant Roots/microbiology Plant Shoots/microbiology RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics Sequence Analysis, DNA Siderophores/metabolism Thlaspi/drug effects,growth & development,metabolism,microbiology
Chemicals
Culture Media DNA, Ribosomal RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Siderophores Nickel 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase Carbon-Carbon Lyases
Authors & Affiliations
5 authors, click to expand affiliations / ORCID
Idris Rughia
Department of Bioresources/Microbiology, ARC Seibersdorf Research GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria.
Trifonova Radoslava
Puschenreiter Markus
Wenzel Walter W
Sessitsch Angela
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Article Info
Journal
Applied and environmental microbiology
Abbr.
Appl Environ Microbiol
ISSN
0099-2240
DOI
10.1128/AEM.70.5.2667-2677.2004
Published
2004-05-00
Pages
2667-77
Language
English
Region
United States
NLM ID
7605801
PMCID
PMC404397
Subset
IM
Databases
GENBANK
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PubMed source DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2667-2677.2004 PMC Full Text View journal details
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